                         ˿µϣ20080415գ

08.04.15,˿20084º
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Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

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ѡǽݡ

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ڡѡҲǵģ֮ġѡԽԽˣ
Ǳ㿪ʼͬѰ¶ˣĿȻΪˡŮˡԽǡ
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ԭûֻҪ˸һ̨ףȥˡĴ֣
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λҲпܵˡڡԽǡѾǱڵĶǰ̨ץ
ʱԺ͸ˣڡѡһ
ĿҪɽˣֻҪѽΣʲôġŮˡ
ûأʱ˫սʤԷԺôأ㿴ͷͷ
ǶŽǣβУ٣ˣӲǽһƬƬɽһ
ɽһͷԣߺȣаôñ
飬Ȼ޼¡ֻԭֱתôãôã

Ǵũæʱڣڱ𴦣ɽɽ£ﶼиҶˡ
ȻǷţĵطһɽڶǲݶ̲⣬˵Χ˸ݵ
Ϊɽ֮ڣȺɽҪøԶͱϸ
ߵɽ⡣ҶɽȻףӲʣһ
أϵѾȥʱȴںݶֱ
˫۶ѪѪˡɽָ£ֻܲţˣ
м˩ţĺһȱ뿪˵أƾ
ȣȻսֹɽ޼ƿʩ鼱֮аһɽéݣŻ
ţͷм䣬Ũһȴģ

Ҫ˵ԽǡȻûдӮһ̣ȴҲʧ߷ȡҲѾ
оѡɽ粻٣ò¼ˡԺ죬ɽ巴
һζԽǡȴԡѡʧȥ˾衣һգԽǡ
Űֲһ߿ԣ䲻ѡһţȥ⿲Լ
ܸߣԽǡһ۶ˡɽ廹Ϊ޴Ϊƾ
߻ؼѽؼҺҶӳҽӳ˵ûǮ˵ʹ
ҽҲһãйξġɽֻϰ취
òͿһ첻ת漱ˣΪʱˡ
ֹ˰£漣Ȼ֣͵ȥۿšԽǡ
һȥӳûдˡɱţı桷ɽ
ҰǶţȴرи飬ôһׯûһϲٵģ
ӳֲòˡ֮һж׼ˣţһҷ
궼źˡɽʲô֪ȴʲô֪ԽǡҲǱ
ţ߳űʲôˡܲأɽһѽ
ǰߣһӴֱ

һһ߹֣һһ߽س



֪ʲôʱ򣬲ɽϲ򹷲ˡ

ʲôԭ򲻼ˣʲôطȥ˭Ҳ֪

ԴӡԽǡԺɽͲٷţˡķţȴ
ţˣ˽ţɽ˱Թ˻ؼңõɽ쿴ˣ
ʹü⣬ȫɽϣסɽϡҰţ
ˡ

û£ʡ

û¡˵ʮɽһΣֻҪɢȺû¡

ǻңţľԺܸţҹ޵ĵص㣬ȲѡɽᮣҲ
ѡڸڱɽȻط磬ɲ׷ֵ飻ڱ׷ֵ飬ȴֲܶ
ꡣѡɽڵһ࣬·ͨԱʱȴ֮
ܷ꿼ǵˣȫʩ꣺ҹ˯СţУĸţԣţ
ţƨһɳڣţͷһɳ⡭

ˣǧ˭ţģԭҲ
ѽɽţ²򹷣ﶷһ첻ǵĵģȴ
ţҲԼԼˡȻɽȴ⻰ʵҪǲ
ֻô죿Ҫǻﶷô죿Խǡôģ


˵㲻ϵؿ

Ѵǰ㿴˫һľȣȫͷˡ
ȻԽǡ߶߶˵ǶġһЩǡ
ġɱʱվĶƤϡѪһȱðһɡڷţ
ȻǵģʵֵʲôأԼҵţˣ˭£Ҽ
ȷʵʲôҲûгѽȰʡЩʱֹסľȺݺݶŵ
棺ҾͲţ統ƽˣƽˣδ˵꣬
ڵĿˡ


   ûӢۡ 

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1

СڽŵʱĿǸĳģһ
Ƥʽ͵ˣһһֻǮһֳһذף첲ʹӶ
ŽǱƴܣһλƽСӣҧعֻȭͷ
ţǰַڶţں׷˵ľʱʱ̣
ʱ򲻻ᳬʮס

ԶԶǺģһλķӣӹʮ
£ҲŬرţΪʵ̫ӴˣƶٶȺܲ
⣬ڳ;ϵļ󣬵ΪǸƽСӻڼ֣
Щ˼ʹ˷ֻεؽš

ֵվˣǶ쳤Ųӣعš
ǿңƺ⡣еһ֣վڡƤҪĽ
ߵģûһԸȥ赲һ£Ǽܹˣֻȿֺ
ˣΩϵǰذףͻȻԼĶƤ

СҲЩΧȺеһԱ΢Щ⣬
ձļߣһ顣һͷʹ⣬
ĸӱ߶࣬ܵĴȴܴһأԭֻһƸ
ߡΪгһӵбƣѰ󣬵ͬжϢ
ĵֻгеš

ʱǸƽ׷ˡƤһֻ
ǰһץһץסˡƤ½ǡǸƤֳذת
ͼƽϧת̫ˣһֻŲС
һֻţһʧȥģһˤ˵ϡƽ
һǰذףذ˵ϡ

СǰһĻʱ۾ҹ̻һϲ
һԼԼСѽСˣ
г˲ýͣãֱӷŵڽϣһߴӱһ
ļǱµص㡭

СʵԶЩµصʱǸֵ׷ˣ
񾯿žҲϵˡ񾯰ѡƤӵ˳ܵ˾ڣ
򵥵˽صƽأǸֵӣãȻش˻
ҵ׼ȺСһȥһקס
䣬ҽܵλӢۣһ£ձߣС


ƽʮ塢ģţģֱ
СĴ֣һľګˣСʣͻȻһסˣ
ͣ۾һգһ仰Ҳ˵ֻȴ
ţһֻس½ǣ·ԤƤ¶һֻͣͷƤ
ʭӣҧƵġ

ĲɷöСǰûܿת˲ɷ
·ɴʱԵʾƩ磬ǲǿ׷
ȥˣץסʱһذףûг̣
㿴Ǹ˱ʱǲ뵽׷壿Ծ޷˵ͦ


ƽǼŸղŵĶһֳֻ½ǣһֻͷƤƺ
ҪֵסıǣȻЦŲ˵С
ʾϵصͷʹСĲɷܹ˳ؽȥ

ɷٽβʱСʣʲô֣ϼסģ
ʱƽͣ˵һж¼˱ϣС
աƽ˵⼸Ҫ뿪ǻҪʱ
ɷϣõ֧֡˵꣬ӲͬǶȸƽա

ɷȫСһڽֱߵгƵ
ϡһ·ϣʱصѣڳһֻԼ˷ܵ룺С
ѽСˣı˵ʱѾֱĵö
ˣҲ˿ʹС

2

֣ѴͷɥػصⷿͳԿҪţ洫װĿ
֣һæס֣ǽǴ
صȴ

ⷿڿˣһλµŮ߳һֻЦ
ţһŤһŤûйͷβһеģ֣
£Ҹ¼һֻİ嵭ݣûѪɫָʱͷ
߹·֣ߵʱ޶õ߹ȥ
֣Ѹڡ

֣ҲȥкֻǵԶˣվ߻ⷿȥ

ⷿŴһſߵǽһſұߵġ֣һ߽ȥ
ŵһºζ˲ôֱ࣬ұߵţһƨ


һһ¶棬ֻǱߵŲʪֽ
һֻסվߵǽǣǱϳɨζʼ


ǸеĻˡɢ֣ѵĴϣʣô
ô磿

ұˡ֣һɨأһ߻ش

ôеĳһôᱻ˵ģ

Ҳ֣˵

еһüͷҲһ£

ˡ֣ɨõأֱ˵ϰ˯
Ҵû˯

еľͳĬˣ˻ͷʣ׼ô죿

׼ؼȥ֣ѰɨζŻǽǣеĴϣһ
Ρ

ȥе̧ͷʲôģ

֣˵ǼҴƵ걣һҲ
ʲôãϼȥϢŽʡ㡣

еһ±ĸλ֣ѷˣڵҪ
֤ûǸ֤ļҵλҪѽ

е޻˵ˣɵڴϣ¡

еĽԴ󰲣ƽա֣ͬѧڶʱ
ô˵ڱҵˣûԷַɵǣҵͬ
ҹϷԵˡǣߵһԴ֮Ը֣Ѻ
⣬ǿ֣ʵ

ʵ֤Դûˡ֣Ѻ֮ú
֣ѰµģǼƺԴ˸ѱķܿɹǣԴ
ÿδŮѻҲòŴ֣Ѿͻ֪Ȥ뿪ʱ
ٻ

ȻԴҲΪ֣ѷʱ򡣱磬ֵ֣£
Դ󰲳ı߰Դ󰲵Ӻʹⷽò֣ѵȱ
һΣ֣ѵͻȻˣΪûһǰףβԴϡ

һᣬԴ֣ѣʲôʱؼң

ɡ֣˵ͻȥģλ˵Ҫҡ

㣿ԴĸΣʲô£

֣ѽ齲һ顣

Դˣϣ´ȣϲ˵Ǻѽ
òŻؼˡ

֣˵ҲļΪ

Դ󰲺ɸֵѽѣ˵㱿ıһ
˵˭֪ѽʵʱû˵ΪǼΪˣ
Ժʣ㻹ǲ˵ˡ

ܾãʵ֣ѹִ˵

Դһʱ˵ˣסҡͷϾʧãװһ
ĮĵĿ˵Ҫҵģ㣬кôҲҵġȻ
ҪʵǼҲõˣֱӻϼȥˣһҪ
һǮϼԺҲóˣ㶼ץסôһõĻᣬ㻹
أ

֣ѾԴôһ̼ļֵĶЩҡˣѯԴ󰲵
ǵʱҸô˵

Դ󰲸Ͻ֣ߣذ⣺ܼ򵥡϶
ǼΪʲôҲҪ˵

һ֪أ֣ѷʡ

ԴЦˣ֣ѵıο㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪ѽ

֣ҲǣĬˡ

3

СٶдŸ壬˱༭εİͷ༭İգ
˫һ°ͷʹֱߵ˵Ƿݸӣ
ȥҸܱࡣֻܱɨһ۸ӣͷĵ绰ֱӴ˱
ܱࡣܱڵ绰Ǳ˵ίᣬԸǸϿ췢壬ͬʱӡ
һݸӣ̸͹ȥ

Ÿ͵ܱʱܻҽеУҪ
ܱ໹Ƕߵߣ˲Ƿðȥһ
ֹ˽˵ãȻ뿪˻
ңίǻ㱨ȥˣѿɲһߡ

ûȫӳ꣬ίϲ˵һ
ĵĴѽǻ㱨ĩˣҲ˲ϿһŸ壬첽
ίǰ칫Ҹȥߵ̫ˣβţеϲ
ӡ

ίе쵼ͨһŸ壬ָ
ʾһȫýӢ仧е⣻
ھŵļ߽мνġ֣Ӣ¼ţ塢
زϱʡί

һΪȻֻһ׮ͨļΪΪҪǷʮǰ
㲻ʲôǸʱѧϰ׷ðÿ췢ĺ²ʤö١
ǣ¼˽죬ͷͬѰˣֻһΪ
һϵĵ䷶һ˵ľ

Ե·öơݴĳ꣬д󺵣·汻ɹѵ
СȣˮˮǴˮģһʱ쳣ϡȱʱ
һλкˣؼһֻ«οһ澹Ȼˮ
ʵҪûкһڣĴѰҺ«ˡһı
«ҵˣɺԼȴˡ

ҲһУƶ⣬ΰԽԽңƵƵ
컯֮ٵ¼˺ĵǣԽĴΪҪ˵
ͨȺˣҲΪԱһֻ۱һֻ۵ġ˵Ҳţ
¼ÿʱڷΪȴʮûˡ

Σ֣Ѵʮĳ棬ͦ¶쾪
ףڣ䵽ͷϣʲôɲȥϧأ
һʮѷĺûѽ۴˼ĽǶȣǴŵĽǶȣֵô
ᳫġ˵ּΪ¼ϣǡǡ˵
˼빤õλΪǵʡ

쵼ָʾһʱ䷴˱硣쵼͸ϼľŲ
˼ƻձͷ쵼ճͷСдƪ
Ÿ壬ԼСĵһ֣ѵƬЩƬŵúܴϵഺ
֮ܶǳĿ

ͬʱеĵ̨̨վܿӵϼָ
㳲ϸ֣ѵⷿ׷׵ض֣ѽвɷá֣ѱȽϿګ
ЩӦˣԱߵԴ󰲾ͳַԼس֣ѻش˺
⡣һҹ֮䣬֣ѳеĽ㡣ԴأȻҲ
࣬մ˹⡣

4

ʺƵĶϰ忴ձʱѾ֣ѡΪĵڶ
ˡϰũ壬ʼˮģаݽ˲ơ
˲ƵĶϰ壬췿ˣڳ￪˼ҴƵꡣ

˴Ƶϰ󣬽Ӵ˸ͬˣʱʱҪԺȵ
쵼򽻵ǽӴˣǮôãҲûǰ
ѽгһ̵ʱΪԼһ

ΪˣʶعȻֲ࣬ÿձͷؿ
󣬶һҲŹ죬жձͷ棬
֣ѵƪŸĺ벿ʱһˡͺһ
飬ҽ

һգ۹ؽˡҪ˵һϰ
ɫԣס죬СվһߣϰķԸ
ˣѧߣֻǸбҵֲǵҲһȭţ
λãľڲԹɫ

ϰƳһۣǷݱֽӸų֣Լ
Ȼ󣬲ۿԵһ֧̣ͳ̣
Ӷǣڷ

ţűͷװؿѬǿ׷
ŲҴ硣ʵⱨϾͿˣҲ֪ô£˿
ʾҪʱ䣬һΪԼΧĶԲߡ

һ֧̳ˣϰ忪ʣûУ

ˡش

֣ǰǾƵıϰĿӣ
̵ʹ

ʵشҲ˵ѣΪϰֽ֣ȷд֣
ǲʺƵ걣챻Ƶ˵ʵ

Ϊʲôϰһ֧̣ôȼ

ϰ˯˵Щ㡣ʵϰ˯֣
Ѵˣֻһڡ֣Ѵ˵ԭǣԼ
СӸбҵҲ뵽ʺƵʺƵ걣
Աֻýʵ֣ѴˣճһλСӡ

ϰ岻ڴ˯ָص˼̻ң
֪֪֣ѣǾƵ˶ʧ

㲻忪֣ѣԾƵʲôʧ

ʱϰƽľظӢˣý嶼ƴ
Ϊ˼һǲϧ˲ţõӢ۶
ˣǾƵ˶ĸӰ졣پǣڳӢۣԺý
廹ҪҲҪûǾƵˣű
Ź٣֪ΪƵʡѽǾƵҲˡ
㣬Լ㣡

ϰԭⷽ濼ǵġΪֵöϰ
ģ˵ϰ壬֪ҴˣƵô
ʧ

ϰ̻Ҹصض˼£Ъ˹غ𣺡˵ʲ
ôãȥ

һ̳ȥˡٶȿþˣ·ôһ㣬ᱻ


5

֣ѺԴ󰲺Ǽ䷿µΪֹֻ
һǾԴ󰲵ŮѺɴ翪ʼ˺ܴı仯
ǵⷿＸͥˡߡԱѡھӡߡɫ
˵ȾšЩмеɷãеοʣеϵе
֣еƻӦоС

֣ӦӲϾæýͷöϲʱ䶼ûУϿʼһ
ֱšԴأȻ֣Ѹæɴλ˼٣ʱ䵱֣
ľˣæӦοʺͲɷã֣ͬѧһƣ
һЩ֣ѧʱΪֵ¼鲢ïؽнжһ
һˡ

ʱ֣Щ˻ȥԷˣ֣ѺԴ󰲺ò׿Դ
ɵڴϢ֣ȥС㣬һЦŽˡ
Ϊţ񵯻һر׼ӭһֲɷá
֣ûӦеƣʣλ˭

û֣ѿڣҽܣ֣ѵĲž
˵ͳһ̣ڵط

֣Ѳ⣬׽ݹ̡Դ˳ֽӹ
б䲻ȵʣ֣Ӣ£

˿оԼղˣôܿڽ֣ءǣ
æĿ˵֣Ӣۻصλġ

صλ֣ѿڶһƬȻԴ󰲼״кݳ
һѡ֣ѾľګޱԴ󰲵İʾæױ¶
ϲãʾһν顣ʱԴ˵Ƕ֣
Ӣ۴ˣȥ

Դ󰲵ĿͽȻԵý֣ܲȥ
ֱӰ쵽ԼܷöϰΡûȵǲžλ
ԼôŬ׷ѡͨʱĹ۲죬Ҫ֣ѻ
ȥؼҪƽǰˡǣͳշẒ̌Ѹسһ
֧صԴ󰲡

ԴûӣĮؽ˻ȥ

Ͻתݸ֣ѡ֣ѼԴûӣԼȻҲϽӡ
˱ڣ麹һ³ˣӣ֣ѽͣһ
ᣬַϰ˵ϰ˯Ҿ˵֣Ӣ۲ˡ

Դ󰲴Ļ˵֣Ӣ۲˾ͿԴˣ
ȥͿȥġг⣬ǽϰɡ֣Ӣڲ
һˣеӢۡ

޻ֻ֮ûظǡصλ·ϣ뵽Լδ
ǰ;ס

˲Сʱ֣Ѹֶһˣ
ʮӣҸ¼һֻİſ󸹱㡣֣߽ȥ
һۣоЩ죬ǲ

һ֣ѣһֻס֣ѵ֣˵֣
Ӣۣãã

֣ѱ֣²˭ԱߵԴǾƵĶ
ϰ塣

һ䣬֣ѵ˫ȾͿʼڰ˵Լͦסˡ
󣬾ƵĶϰ徹Ȼˣǰζѽʵ˵
ϰȻǾƵϰ壬֣ѵ˵Ļ
һζûйǸĴҲָ֣ѵϰ
ᣬʵ̫߹ˡ

ϰ˵˵ˣҵ֪ǳջԣص
ȥѰȥˣλÿճΡ

֣ѵԴ䡱شˣԼôԵѽ
æ֣ƴذڶ״ε˵ңң

ϰս֣һֹĿ˵֣Ӣۣȴˡ
ȴ˵𡮲ʺ硯ǻӭϰ࣬ʺ硯Ҫ
ĩˣŲŷˡ

ϰ߳Զˣ֣ѻξԴһ£˵
ԷȥɣǳԷȥɣŴӻоѹѹ֣ѣͷ
ٸнӣˮ֪

6

Դ󰲳䵱֣ѵľˣͣæµһ죬˵ڶ
żŮѺæ绰һ仰ǣۻ
ˡ

ǲҵˣڵ绰Ƕʡ

Դ󰲴Сֵ˵ûĵӺͱֽ

ѽ˵ڿҪİ˵ѽ̶ʣ
ʲôϵ

Դ󰲹ŵ˵㲻ţ

ҲŲء˵

Դ󰲾̾ϢĿϧˣĿϧˣ

ΪȻ˵ʲôÿϧġ

Դϧ˵βĿϧˡ

ϧʲôѽȻθڣɵʡ

Դ˸ӣ˵һ֪ˡʮ㵥λ
ǰͿ˵ȡ

Ӧ

ǰͿ˵ñܺͿȣԴ󰲾ͳһݵıֽ״
Ʋһ죬ĵ˵ʲôÿġ

Դ󰲽ֽƣ˵㿴㿴

װǿؿ˲һӣЩԾغô
Ƭ

ԴֵЦţӺӢ֣ѡ

ʱıܶˣٿȥһӶ˱ֽһ
СڵسԱܣһҪԴ󰲽ô¡

ԴŪһ£ɤӣȫ̡Ȼ֣
ΪӢһ㣬ǽ˱

գͷȻһͣ³ԱܣװʣǸ֣
Ǹʲôѽ

Դ󰲳Ծ˵ǰǵλıѽ

ɣֳһСڱ俱Ȼ赭д˵Ҳ
пܣǵλıҲƵģǸѽ

ͣһᣬʣڸȥˣ

Դ˵ǵλڲǱǱˡ

ȥƵһԼĵĻϣ
˵ũתǣ仧Уʵǲģֻǳ
ں档

ǵȻԴ󰲿϶˵ίǶİˡ

Ŷ˵ȥרڳԱܣй֣ѵ¡
ԵͻȻԴ˵⼸죬е£ûʱ档

ԴȻʲô£

һ˽¡ܵ

Դ󰲲׷ȥֻʲôʱܼ档

룬˵ʱɡ

7

֣»ص˵λϰһ죬߱ѾƼҵĲ
Ҫˡϰȥǰ취֣Ѵнݼ٣ⷿ
ӦˡýɷúοʱԼǡ
硱Ա

Դأ˵ģĵλˣ
ѡ·ҪôרҵȥˣҪôͲ׼ٿԴ󰲾õˣ
ƺΪʱ磬ѡԼϱУȥϰȥˡ

Ϣͨĺᣬ֣ǵⷿ
ⷿſڣ֣ݼٵĵһ磬ֻⷿʣ֣ˡ
ʱǾ˼ǵģһߡԴ󰲡

֣Ѻò׿׼һһ
Ůûչһֻ֣ѶһۣԴ
Ůѡ

վſڣ˫ֺһֻ´ȹڴﺬЦ
ؿ֣ѣƤ˵ãӢۡ

֣Ҳ˵һ䣺áȻ󣬲˵󰲲ڣϰȥ
ˣҪϻ

ֱ߽֣Ѵϣɸɴ˵ѵһҪ
ڣҲҾͲҵͬ¡

֣Ѽô˵²͸ʲôһӱþִٲ
֣ȻʮˣûиŮŮһֵӣر
ƯŮָо͸ǿҡ

쵽֣ѵĲվ߶һһ˵
ӢۣǲЩң

֣ѹɵ˵ʲôµģֲˡ

žꡱһЦˣ⼤֣ѣҿͦµġ

֣ظһ飺ʲôµġ

˵ҵĻǽһԷ

֣һ£ʲôѽһ֪ˣôͣ
һֶͣһͣûܾͳһη
ʲôأ

֣ѾʲôҲҳһЩ⡣

˰Сʱ֣ѺͺųԷһ
ûȫȥͿŵؽյóѽȳʦյûáܵ
ţǸɷˡ

֣Ѳ˼˵յòãյòáû£ƽʱͻ
ˡ

Ʋһ죬˵㻹ûѽûܵӢۣ

ʲôӢѽ֣Ѹ˵ԼӢͻȻԴ
Լĸ룬˵һĻȥ

Ϊ֣ǫ飬϶˵㶼ҸӢʲ
ôѽϲ˵ԼξӢۣСʱسݶ𡢲
ʲôģʮʱ򣬾һӢ۵Ϲǵ
ˣͷȻ롣

֣ѱеƮƮȻҪǲ֪Դ󰲵Ůѣ֣
ͷһֿˡΪ֪ϲþʹۿֻۡǾţ
¶ϲ

֣ѵĹǣֱ˵ʵҸϲ󰲣
һֱϲ㡣

֣ѳһΪ˵ˡöΣ
ûƹԼô˵ϲԼ˵
ʵҸ󰲽ӽ㡣

֣Ѳ֪û˵̵˵ɣ

Цҡҡͷ˵֪㲻ţϲ㣬Ų
㡣

ɡ֣ظһ飬Դ˿龰ʵҲ
ظţĵȴӿһůʹĶȺġ

֣ѳҸʱͻȻץס֣ѵ֣֡ѱ
һֻץֲɶ˶һ£ץ
ˣ֣ѾͲŬ˳ӵץţĵů

ʱһԼزϡ֣Ѳ
ˣӶ΢΢úãԼ
ֻ֣᲻óоز̫ˣַֻ棬
ԼﾹȻô

֪֣ѿ챻ˣ׼ҵĹƣһ
ʱ⴫˽Ų֣ƺҲ쵽ˣӺг
ޱȵĲ

棬ˡ

پǸ֣ѳš

8

Դ°ʱ֣ѱ÷˵ˡԴֽİ
ϣֱǰ׼ԷھʱͻȻ֣ѣ
ôЩˣ

Щˡ֣˵ĿЩ

ԴǸʮеˣܿ쵽֣ѵ㶢
ʣ췢ʲô£Щһ

ûʲô֣ѱܿԴ󰲵۹⣬ֻ˵ͷԷ

Դ󰲲ȥҲʼԷͷһᣬ֣һ
ԼʲôأԴ󰲲²š

ڳƵ극֣ʰ꣬Դ˸ǩ
Դʱ򣬸оǵ̫ƨˣŲһ֣Ѵϡ
һŲҪƨɵӲæŲһ£Ӳչǰ
һӡ

ԴǰӣһӺͻȻ֣ʣ춬


֣Ѽʣ˸顣תʵصͷ

Դ󰲱˵ղô˵

ңңˡ֣ѽˡ

ʲôԴ׷ʡ

֣˻ڼ˸ɣġ

ңܣԴ˵һ¡ѣҵĸǣ
ʵҡ

֣ѵһӱˣ˵˵ͬ¡

㣿˵ģ

š

أ

˵ͦӢ۵ġ

Щˣ

˵ʮʱһӢ۵Ϲ

أ

һ緹

ٺأ

ٺӦǺְԼزˣ֣ѱϾһ
ӣԻʡϸڣԴ󰲣ٺõˣ
뿪ˡ

Դ˿׷ȥһĲ˯ǰ
Դ˯ţڴ֣ѣѣƾ˵Ҵ󰲶òã

֣Ҳ˴ϣͬ˯žڻζְںز龰
Ϊ̫ͶˣûԴ󰲵ʻԴ󰲲һۣ
ظһ飬֣Ѳűѹæһ˵ãá

ԴԶȦӣ֣˵ȻǸǣҪΪ
嵶ԲǵǾԲġ

Σ֣˼벻ҿСˣӦǵȻ

Դ󰲲˵ȥ˯ˡЩ㵽Ϊֹ˵
û˼ˡ

Դûʻ֣ѶһֽţɵػζЩϸ
ְԼزϣԼֻ֣᲻
ãز̫ˣַֻ棬ˡ

Ժ֣һͻζЩůƬΡ
ںزֻһΣζһǧΡ

9

Ĳڣɷõĸ߳ƺȥˣ֣ѵⷿʼ徲
֣ţڴϢš֣
ѷ𴲣ûҵЬӣأԽˡ

һΪ㲻أ˵Σñϴα¶ˡ
Բڿúܵͣߵվߣ΢һۣɱ
İ鷿ǳȹȹ̵òٶ̣ٶһĻڿͻ¶


֣ѼǺͷϮһָӵȸеš˵
ǣпԼŵǣˣһζԲ
Դ󰲡ǣԭأһʱ޴롣

˵ӭ

ǡ֣ѸϽϣ˼ͷ

Цˡ

Цŵĺýһ̤ţԾ߹һƨ֣ѵ
ϡ֣ѻľվţһۣ˵˵ҳ㣿

֣εЦţ˵

Ĵ˵ѽվţԼۣ
ҿ˻ء

֣ȻվšҪߴ٣ͻȻ˵ҸǸ
ǣԸҪ߲嵶Բǲġ

Цˣ˵ûԲѽһ£ǶԲ
ˣ

֣Ѳ˵

ʣǲң

û֣Ѻܿش

˵㲻ңǹѽ

֣ѻԥ

װˣٲ˵㲻ӭңˡһ
ҪߵĶ

֣Ѽ״ˣڵ߹ȥûߵߣ͵һѣ
˳ߡ

ǻࡣЦ˵̶ʣ¸ߴ
ˣ

š֣˵ˡ

ְزҲˣ

֣Ѳм˵ҲŲôء

㻹ͦ˵ţһֻ䡣

֣ѱŤһ£סˣ̹Ȼؽ˺

ûʲôӦԽӴһЩһֻ֣ѵ֣
ŵԼ¶Ĵϡ֣Щ˵ã΢һ飬
ְѹˡ

֣Ѹܵ˺ȵĹ⻬δӴŮ˵ɵس嶯ˣ
ȸܿԵķӦʶǿɳܵģ߾ȫס
ú쵽ù۾ѽһʼ⵽ı
ûб¶ֻǰ֣øˡ

֣ѻŬţ޼£Բͦšʱ
֣ѵ֣Ƶ֣ѵĴϣʼظ֣Ѹ
ˣ״ε˵ҪҪɺﻹģɴ
һס֣ͦŵġ

֣ѲҪιȥ˵šҪҪʧȴκ
ź룬漴ɵ˴ϣ
Ƶطʢİ磬ɲǱذ

һ֣ͣ˵ˡ֣ѱź
˵Ҳ󰲵ġ˵Һã֣˵˵
ãҲܶԲ󰲡

ˣһƿ֣ѣߵ˵ҪԵ󰲣
ȥ˯ȥԺң

֣Ѽ淢ˣתȥ׾ֺãء
ҵĸα

Ц֣£ȥ֣ذزϣ
ֵһֻ¹ڱܣﻹǵԴ󰲵ѡ

10

ڶҹ֣ѵĵԴ֣Ѵ£һֻ
ۺɫ֡Ƽһ̣һ¡ԼҪ
һֽҵɵŵһ
ԺʱüҪιȥϸ¸͸ģԼ
üΡ

Դֻ֣ŭ߶Ȧ֮ʼ
ַֻϣԼ˴ϣ֣ѻ

֣˻ԴЩӵʣ󰲣ôˣ
ûֻ֡

Դ˵𣿡бһϡ

֣ѭԴ󰲵۹⣬Ȼֻ֣һӸ
ľð亹

Դ˵Լ˵ô£

֣ѵͷû

ʱձúܳƣϢ˺óԴ
ڴ˳Ĭһֿ˵ѣͬѧѣЩҶ
òãҲ֪ġ

֪֣ѳϡ

Ȼ֪ҲҸĹϵΪʲôҪԲأԴ
ʡ

̧֣ͷȻ˵˵һʼϲ
ľͲ㣬ҡ

˵ʲôԴ󰲳һһʼϲ㣬ң

šô˵ġ˵㽻ӽҡ

ƨԴ󰲷޷޵

֣ͣԴûȥˣĻ˵
˵ΪڳӢˣ㡣ǰϲ㣬
۶ء

֣ѱ˵Ҳš˵ϲң
ҡ

Դȥˣڰʾס֣µظҸ
̸һˣҶĸҲҲ㻹
ǣζԲҾˣԺҪٶԲңҪǾͲǸˡ
ĩˣ֣ѣܲܵӢۣȨġ

һ仰֣Ѱһ

֣ѳԾԾǶϲ˸ĹϵϸձԴ󰲸
ָһˡ

´֣ѸߺԴ֪¡ɺƺһ
Ҳе⡣֣˵ֲֻµรˣ
صЦЦ̹׵˵Ҫ˵ˣҲµġ

֣ˣʣô

˵ҾҪô֪Ұ㣬ԺͲ
ˡ

֣ԥ˵á

ʲôãʣѵ㲻볤ڸһ𣿡

֣˵´󰲲ˡ

ΪȻ˵˺ˡ

֣˵ˣҾӢˡ

ˣӢۣʲôϵ

֣Ѿ򺫶ѻ

û뵽ûͽ˺һ
ڻ˼˵ʵҲûʲôԼҧˣʱֲ
Աߣ˼ƾʲôĻ

֣˵Լ˵ġ

һֵۣ˵㱿Ǳ˵ʱûˣ
˵Լġ

֣Ҳǣе˴δйɡΣĵɱΪ
һ§˺һתѹ£³çҵж
ƺǿ𣬺Լˡ

ӭ֣һһεĽͷڽ֣
á룬˶ãӢ۵ˣⲻԼҫ
ʵ˼޸˵롣ⷽ棬С̳ɹˡСΪ
ˣ޵ľǸͷ

11

ΣⷿĶһźɫߵڿ㡣Ȼ
Ǻµġβͬǣ֣Ҳ֪Ŀĺ
ȷ֣ѽ˸Դ̯ơ

ڸԴʶǰصһееĽ
꣬ΪӮǸеĻģճΪˣνѾĻ
ɿգԷĸĸûػڡ

ʶǸе֮ǰ̸صеģնһ
ϸסˡòľԽԵ󡣼޸ػڵеģ˺
ĿꡣΪĿǱڣԴ󰲵Ľϴ
ĳɷݡ

Դ󰲲һ㣬һֱΪǰԼģϻ
ǮһҲʹϴõģȫǮ
ڿ㣬Ҳϸ͵ġһ˳е˵Ŀ
ǮĲʣ

ڣԴĿһУһλԵĴһ仰Ҳû˵
ʰԼĶкҲһҹŭذˣӴ˲
ⷿ

ԴȻϾʹ˰ݣڶλһ٣гɷù֣
ѵý壬Ž¶ࡣ֣ѵʱˣ
Щýٶӡ󣬶ľٱǳԾҲҲţ˵
Ҫ֤

ձԴ󰲵λԶԴŵʱ硣Сڱ
ʳóԷ˵ԴҲ˲ϳ꣬͸ˡ

֣¼ıСдüƪ󲿷ֵĲԴṩ
ġЩڱһ࣬ǵǿҹעСܵ쵼ĸ߶
ӣҲӮͬǵһأƵܿҪ

ڣС˵Դ϶һиҪĲҪṩ
ͷ˿ֵĹĵ㣬·ϲĴԼ

Դ󰲸ǰɴʣãǲṩ֣Ӣ۵


ǵġԴ󰲲˼˵

Сȡɷñγף׼¼

Դһһٵ˵֣ţ󡪡ǡƭӣ

ʲôСˣ˵ʲô

Դظһ顣

ܣС񶨣ּǺġۿ
ƷֵٵĽġ

Դ˵ƷûǼΪΪԼǮ

ΪԼǮСԴ󰲵˼

ǵġԴ󰲽͵ΪԼǮԾ׷
ȥɺŷԼ˴Ǯûúõһֻڴ


Сüͷ˼ǸԶˣ֣
˴ԼǮûˣΪˣ׷ȥģ

Դ󰲿϶

Сľͳȥɫʱɷסã̽ʣ
ô֪ģ

Դ˵֣Լġ

С˵㵱Ϊʲôʱӳ

Դ˵ʱ֣ûҡڸˣҾͼʱӳˡ

֣ѣΪʲôҪ¶ࣿСԻ

ԴһرʾҪ֪ǲΪ࣬
˵ĵߡ

СһʱԶԡĬһᣬй˵ллĽ¶
ǻᾡ飬ԱĿ

ԴһߣСһ¾гٶ
֣ѵ֣ⷿѣ˲Ͽףе˽ľ

֣δ˵꣬ϵطˡ

ûǻ£Сһ֤ʵ

ôܻС֣ӹɵ˵ѵԼ᲻Ǯ
ֻڴ

Сգ˿ֺһһĵ̫ˣ
˲ָӡ

֣Ѽ״һʣߣôˣ

ûʲôС˼ЦЦҵһϰ߶

֣ѾͲ˵ʲô

ʱС֣Ѹ߳˼ֻת֣صع˵
Ȼ˵ûô£Ǿûô£üסκʣ㶼
Ҫھһ¡

֣Ѹжصͷһ˰

12

徲˲ⷿһָֻͣٴηӵ롣
ͬһ⣬֣֤ʵǲļˣ

֣ĵ˵ѽ

ʣĺô˵Լ˵ûأ

֣ѷϣû˵

ʣ

֣Ѵ𣺡

ϾȥʼվΪ
ҡšСܲģÿҪȥһΡÿΣһ֣
ѣ͹ţ͵͵ʣûҧ

֣˵ҧˡ

Сʣûпھһ£

֣˵һˡ

Сŷ

СΪˣʵûС磬дһƪ
Ӣ֣ѵ£߶֣ѵķṦΰԴ֧Ԯ֣ѡ
༭˰е˰칫ҡһС˵Сй֣
ıȷһš

С˸䣬뵣ĵ»Ƿˡ

ûСı仯˵ίָʾΪ˷ӳ
֣ѼΪм١

Сװ֪飬Сĵ֤ʵۿƷֵĽģô
˻ᷴӳΪΪмأ

˵˵ܹ֣ΪԼǮˣƴ
׷ϵģº˴

ۿģ

⵹ûС˵ĸ˻ῴôϸѽ˵֣Լ˵
ġ

֣Լˣ

ûС

Сװ˵֣ûгϣ϶񡭡˵ˣ
˴Ʒ˽ʵѽ

ǾͲҪȥˡڼȻָʾ潫ȷһ
šǾͰָʾ죬ȷһš

С˵Щʲôе㲻ͷˣ˻֣˳˱Ÿ
ҪɣͷеҪ

С˵ȥ㬵˳ȥߵ⣬Ȧˡ
ԼôùԭΪͨ£пӵʽˣƫƫ
ڹϳ⣬ٳһáԴҪ¶
࣬Ͳô⡣ЩΪԼˣﰵؿ


13

ίָʾһ£㳾䶨Щ߶ʱ伣֣ѵ
ֱⷿ÷Ĺš֣òٽӴˣһⷿͦ
ش졣һ磬λ˵绰Ҫȥϰࡣ

֣ѸߵƵǰͿڴָֻšΪһ
תĲţ֣δ˵ʲôͦģǾ
ˣָʹģǸЦ

֣ʼϲǣս׼ȥ˵ݣס
ʱĿɵ֣ѣſֵࡣ

֣ѱŪˣôѽ

֣һãֱ˵˵ϰԸˣ㻹
ھƵ굱

֣е㲻ģȥҶϰ塣۳ǿ˵
Ҫȥ㣬Ҳûá

֣ѻǶȥ˶ϰ壬ûмϰ塣ڶϰİ칫
ǰϰ鵲ס·ϰϰԸ


֣Ѹеջ𣬺޲һ֮ϸһ£Լ
ȥأǣȶʵվſڣ
˾Ƶ걣

ߵǣ÷н֣ȥɴȡǮ˺ܶࡣ
֣ѲʣǲǽҵĹʣ

ɻش𣺡ûѽǰʱĹѽ

֣Ѿ˵ôٶ飿

˵кüûϰ࣬ϰԸŲ٣
ȫ۵ˣûϰļ칤Ҫ۵ġ

֣ѵĻ͡䡱ˣ˵ϰԼҴнݼٵģ
ƾʲôڿҵǮ

Ʋ죬˵Լϰȥ˵ǲǰն
ϰԸİġ

֣ѻ˵ʲôڶͷʵĻƣƤ˵
廹˵ˣҪǲˣʱ԰ְġ

֣һˡ

һ죬֣ѹúܳơ

ҹⷿţ뵽׷ʲô£ôͱ
ˣͻȻ뵽ûˣӦϢȽͨɡǣ绰


Сڵ绰Ƕʣ˭ѽ

֣˵֣Ӣһֻû˵æ˿ڣ֣
ѡ

ŶС˵С֣ѽһûơ֣Ӣۡ

֣һĳһ¡û¶ֻʣߣϴ˵
ҪǨڣڡ

Сɴ˵ûϷˡ

Ϊʲô

ǰָʾˣ˵ȷһš

ҪŶã

ﻹȥˡ

֣˿ֻ

ʱСԹ˵С֣Ҳ̫ǸˣǼ
ΪҲ˵һǰæһ󣬻ոһ
˵Ŀոһָıơ

֣ҧļΪġ

ˣˡСͷ˵ô˵Ҳûˡ

ġ֣ѻҪ֣СĻ˵ˣ绰
ɡһҪȥء˵գҲ˵һټ͡žعҵ
绰

֣ѿֻеޱȵʧ䡣

14

ԴѷĿɳ𡣺Ҳܾûˣ֣Ѹ绰Ҫô
ҪôǹҵΪǼ죬ϵҹ֣࣬Ѱֵʱû
л֣Ѿҹȥһû
ڣ˵ϰأл´˵𣿡

֣һԾˣ˵ˣȻŲߣ߳
Ƶ꣬غһ֮ңȺ°ǰȥ˵
ڣЩˣѽ

֣εͷ˵

Ҹ𣿡Įؿһ£İ

֣Ѷʱڳˣңǣҡ

˵Ժ㲻ҪˣͬƼˣΪô
أȥӰ಻ã

Ӱʲôõģ֣ѲΪȻ˵ǷҪġ

˵ʲô֣һԾض
ǽ顣㶼˵Щʲôѽ

֣ѵ˱

ʱֻˡϲɫ˵ʱʱرЦ
Էͨʱ֣ԱתתȥģһҲ֣ѣ·
˸ڡ˰СʱδعһȹԼˡ
߳ͻȻ֣عͷкȻҴʧҹɫ

֣ѼԶˣͷһ˱ضȥ˫ֱ
ͷѹ

ڳ˱Ƿݹ֣ѱһˡƵƵйκ
˶ԣǻԵĴ֣Ҳ⣬ĵԨЩ
²ʱĥţܵĪ˺

Σ˳֣ѡίÿ֯
ӳһΣǰȥݣȥȥǺݣ
ǴһӵĶӳһܸɵˡ

֣ѵ֣ʱһ۾Ϳ˶ӵż
ɽʣɫ̫ãǲ˲ĵ£֣ѵȻû
ʱľϴܹٵطܶ棬۹һ
˶

֣֪Ӳ۾ѡ˽
Ĩһͣǲм˵һΪʲôءһʮһ
ˣ²֪أǰĶӵġ
Ҫȥ̣ûˡ˼ҲӢˣ

ǣֹ֣

Ҫǲǵġ˵˸£˼Ҹ
ӢˣǾ˼ҲҲҪϣֲʲô˵¡Ҫ
ƨ¶Ӣۣ۴˶Ӣˣ˭ûĺ
ѽ

һ㲦֣ϸһ£ȷʵûʲô˲ģϵ
ҲļΪΪԼ˲׷ġҲû
Լµ̬һƽ

ڸĽ̸Уڸ֮£֣Ҳ漰һ£ֻ
ǰԴŮһ㣬ʵ
𱸡û꣬ҡͷ˵Ůôס뿪ģ
߻ء

ڶϣͻؼˡߺ֣ѻζĻ˵öͦ
ģéٿ

ְ֣ĵصıΪͬһλϰ࣬ⲻ˾
δʶ֣ѣҹֺû֣أ
Ҳ뿪ˣ㲻ңҲ㡣¹ȥͬİ·ˡ

ǷϢ֣ѻţıͬ²֪
ĵϸǰ̸ʱ˼ɡһΣһ˵ϲ
ʶǸպŮģǿͷǸ˵һҸеģ
һʮģ쿪ʼϰˡ֣ˣûĸд
ЦЦ˵ʶ

15

纣̲ϵɳʱĳµһڸȥɵľͺܿ
ˡһ֮󣬹Ǽ£֣ѣСԴ󰲣
вߣֻµӡۡ

Сձϰ࣬ȻǵƸߣȫ࣬
ȴȫʼûзȡƵ롣Ϊ˴ﵽǸ룬
ŬţͬܵʱܣͬϢʱҲܣ
ܣôһ죬ץסһ䶯ţӴ˳׸ıԼ
ˡ

Ǹһʵ֣ܵʱǳ顣Ĳ
гˣ˵綯Ȼ໨˲ǮֵõģΪ
гˣԵһʱϵֳҲʡܵ
ԼԸţ̲סҪԼ

ԴǴθ֣ͨ绰ûٸйκϵ֣ھ
ſڵʱкܶοǰĽ·ֻĵ綯̫
ˣÿһζһһ֣Ѻһƺ˺
ͷĴһ£ûͣȥǰ漲۶ȥ

֣οǣȻڲʺƵ꣬ȻĻͨı
ܹѾˡֻʱ򣬻ͬ
Դ󰲣ǷԴ󰲣һֱΡ

죬ӾƵ°ⷿﵽĳվʱиԴ󰲵
˳ͣóżȥڳڣԴ󰲡
ǰһҸ¼һֻİ嵭ݣûѪɫָʱ
ͷҷ

֣ѴȺȥԴԱߡԴ⣬û
֣ѡ֣ѿԴ󰲣һڣѹȿģȻẰһ
󰲣á֮ȥһֻ֡

ԴϤΥ͵زǰ֣ѣ
Լһֻ֡ҧһ촽ԥһӦ
ãѡͬʱԼ֣ס֣ѵ֡

֣Ѱսģ˵ỨͬʱԴ
Ǹ˵ѣԲ𡣡

ûûұͲǼΪ֣ѰڶͷϿҵ˵
Բ㡣

Դ˵һҪллءΪ㣬ҶԶһֱִ
ء

ʱ֣ԴûŮѣԴ󰲸Ǻܿˣ
ԷһҲƽյġ֣ҲԴ󰲣Ҳˣ
ϼҵģڵصһҷװ

˹᲻ôͷ֣·һҴŵȾơ
ֻơƱײˬʱԴͻȻ̾
áǵģã֣ѷĵظ͡

ڴ˿̣СųӽϷʻ̧֣ͷ
ϲغ㿴㿴ߣߣԴ󰲸Ͻȥ
˾žƱĿʧ


      

̡

²ҵϣӳȡŮͼҼֽ
һ֧ǦʣһƤҪ

סҴԼһӣͿɡ˿˵ˣҿǽ
ϵӣжʮ°ࡣҾûеûãץʱ仭
ʮӣʵҲٻѾ¼ˡ

ڶ磬ᣬд¥Ź绰
˰أһССȴһӡذҴһ¥Ķ¥
Ÿ裬ˣˣܳŹ̨
ƿƿ޹ޣ̨ߵæŻЩգе
غšǳһֻۣͷ¡

ⳡϼľʱͼ

ظ֧ʣ֧ͻʣ֧ϸ߱ʣҽܸһа˵
ѧͽ˾Ҫһŵ롣ЩǷֹ򻭵ģѾ
˼ҾͰ˵ģñõϽŻԱһ
ŮӣŷҲڻ֪ǰѾͬӵŮѡ°ʱ
ҼŲƱƱòÿ춼Ʊġ

ʱҾһﵱʱŵӣеԱ
еվſҲһ԰ųľʱ߳Էĵؿ䲻
һһѾסɷ˵ͳ˳ơһǸһ㰫С
٪๤֪Ǹ볧ĳݹϵĵˡһ
ɶͷԡȴֻܾװͰ͵ؽСˣ
Ϊ˱Ȼԭ˵ѵŪô죿үֻǰ
վţ㲻Ͽأãֻ˵Ҹա
ô˵еøˣקҾߡҲˣǳ
Ҹȴϡʱ¥ðһ
ϳǱߺһŴ˵ǱߣǸ
ߡͷ๤һͨѳƽ˳һ۾
ˡ๤ŷſңɨĸǸ
ˡ

ȥҰأͬ˵˵ҪҸûڶϣѳ
ҡ

Ű˻һ룬˵㻭øˣԼɡ
Ҿ͸˵ȥʰˣȻԼˡ

ҸԼݹ˸Ǿûģؼжһ
ϣԼȥ᷿ԭɫеɫ΢
׼Ҫָߣһڴɫľϣڵɫ
Ҫɴ࣬䣬쵽λλҲҪٻͬһطñ
ˣĵɫõĵɫͻֽͻĵ׿
ͿĨ㣬Щ⹤⼼úմĴ
ϻ۹յȣѶȶ֡Щⶼ
ˣЩһ硣

Һ˵ֻѧðֽͼףͨ
˷ۿȥô̱ǵˮϣѧŻǳΣ
е¹ܡҴ˵һҪԼȥȻʱ
ò²ǻʹ

ҼǵúҶɵĵһƷֻ50Ҹߵõƿ
ͼСѡȣͼֻֽ˵ȥظң
ģһֻһֻͳȥ

ֻƿҪһһֻԴƿ壬Ϊԭ𻵡
ǸոջһеĶڳŸ͸ϹߡҲ
װΪβһֻ壬ҪһֻҶءҶ
˵ֻϻͬһֻƿӣĹҪʱһ
߹ͬ˵ܻܲøһɡЦЦ˵ظ
ɡͷ

ֻƿͼȻҪӵö࣬һʿŸͷ
ҰԡҪˡȮľӡդݵءԶɽ
ȡеţ¾ĻһЩֵٶȣһ͸
ˣһ졣ֵø˵ǣú͵͵ǻı˱ȣ
ıǵҪõöࡣȻҲ˵Ұƿӽأ
Цúܲõ˵

Ӵˣר塣ʱѾ֪ճԱ
жʮǺϵġЩֻ򼸺ȫԺϡ뺣һ
ѧУҹ˲ŵģʡݵԱ١Щšһţ
ʡݵ˺㡣Żţŵľվߣü
ҵġҶ˶˵ңѧġǵüͷԵĲмʱ
һ֣ŽҲǺϵģҾ˸顣

ܿʧǣŽǸˮƽ
һԽĶҪŪһڣͿͿĨĨӣԼܲ
ãȴˡҲǰѵɫŪãȻż޲ԽԽ
ãֱصһЦ˵Ҳʣ
һ顣浣ȥʳǮ

˵ʵҰЩҲ֪ġЩ
롢衢̡ޡƿȵȣָżҲЩľּ䣬
˻滭ģġ̵ġ͵ĵȡӵ
̽ͷһЩ࣬ʱף칤
ĲͼһЩģһЩγ͵ȴû
գ׼ǱƳת䰴ܼӹͣ
̣Ϲ⣬ΪϿͻҪƷ˵ָĵط
Ʒѡ档Ǳ뱣ֳĬ˳ϣζŴ飬
࣬¶ɫصأǴ顣

ϰĵ죬д¥һ쿴ԵŮҹңа淣
ֶڣܸܲ˵һûء
˵ʲôأ赹ǲѣɫ鷳һЩƬд
󷽱㡣ڶƬҿҿƬЧô
룬Ҫ󻭲ɫģһȫסڼᣬһխխܴû
էæӦҲڳ䵱ôΪһд¥
Ů񣬾˵ڱȽæԺпٸ㻭ÿɷ
Ƭȥˡ

ҲûмʱҲûҪһ·
˩ȥҴҵжٰڳ·ϣҿ
ŵ߾òʹкûκηӦҲû
һٴοҲûٽ

¥ʮסʵֹʮˣΪмλǺ
Ů˯һġҵһν򹤣ҲǵһڹŮӡÿ
λʻڳԼĿռ䣬õĶã˫ܵ˫ܣһᣬ
ء˯һẉ̂Ǹܴʵ֨һ
жĲǣңҾ͸Сġ϶Ҫҹû
Ǯˣԣʱһ档ϣ󶼲ͣθã
ȥ͡ͺܼ򵥣һС׺ӷۣװ׵ģл
һסˮҸоͦ㣬Եζ

ҵͰ˼أңҲûڶ¥ҵģ
һڸڡҪûʱǶĲǣҡ
ҰõϴļǺš

¥ûвϲҪ¥׿ķñȥȻ˭Ը
ΪһôԶǼϴһ䵱СأС
ˮһ£ȥ벻ͨȻ滮ģѧУʱ
ࡣ˶ݸƽһҹҲֻ࣬С㣬Ҫ
ȥԶͬÿᶼϴ䣬Ǽճһ¥һ
ϴ䡣

ʱĺַһžߣۻعǰϦڷ籩Ļ̻̣ǳҵ
ĵ䳣ûеһ춼ӰӣҿԳô
աѱسаΪչҵ뿪һЩ²ƷҪҲ
ԽǺܿŪ˼ճһǸ߲ӯߵƹ
׵չޡǴҴߵһϵһܵǳɳ
ѳһĹȸչ˾ɣɫʰ߲ͭ
ҽǷȡ仯ýۻչϣԼɡ
޿ٲȻһĹֻͳȥ󣬺ܿ˷Ӧˣ
Һܿˡ

Щȫǳڵġһ߻Щƿƿ޹ޣһ߳ճյ룬ǻƯ
ȥأǻ᲻طꣿ֮뵽ҾЩĪ
˸к꣬Ĵָմᣬڱҵӡ
Է룬ԼӴµıǡЩߣ˭ǵ
𣿳ɾǵļᣬԱһ˫֣һһּ
ڡһĶѾơ͡ϡжѳΪʷ
龰˫Ѹõֵ󡭡

һСһ磬ش֮䣬ʵԶ
Ĺ࣬ҳҰ··һЩũ
ľݣеأԵЩ䡣·ХĻ𳵴Ӵ
ʻڳܸܵӵĲ

飬ҾͶ·ߡһ󣬾·ߣ
ǰһɴ׵񣬲ïʢԭ᲻ߣʹ
ˮ᲻㡢ȻˮߣǰϪʱҵ
ϤʵءҰͲ˵ũҲԣ
ҰǺͼĸȽϣò࣬ʹõũߣ
ȥǾüõũߺÿԶǲԴķ͡ʱϦ£ʧ
պ˰졣һרı仯ԡʱ
ܻԶɽеļˡ׵ĳݣĸ׵ˮĸ
ֶ֪Ůǿ֧ѧСãڶݸӳӰӵÿŶ
ۺԪĴãǰΪɽһgĸ硣ͷ뵽
Լĳ·Ҹе̻󣬿гĻ̻У԰ׯ˵öôң
ԶǰֻƯҲĻӰĵ˼顭ɫ
ҲԶԶϡϡĵƻԽԽվ
ƨɣ·ߡ

û뵽˱ע⡣Ǹ䲻׳ʵмֺ
ıҽʱصҪ鿴ҵĳơҵһЩԭ
硣ԺЦ˵еءҵ
ϣһ֮ʿӡأԭҵͷе㳤
ʱϲӣ·ͽŲҴϻ𳵡ºϽ̨
һɼһѧдʱȻ˵ʦ·ƺƵҲг
ʶǲǵҲԾģѾϰ·Ҳ벻
ϰôɵġ

аƣƤװ׵ģ̷ͷЦ˺ǳѣ޻
˵ԭڼҴҵһκͼͬھƵȾʱһ쵼Ҳ
ȾƣƵŮʢСһӱ˻
ǰƣȭţǡ쵼ڵء̫ͷ϶ܿͱ
ȥ˾ûùӳԡЦ˵Ӣ۲ǰ
ϳ˳һʱ䣬¶޽ͷ˴ܣ
˳ʼ򹤡ʱʮ꣬ʱѶʮһǡ쵼ֻ˵
ˣͷųˡҲȥˡó⻹Ǹһ
ֱʼһƤëͷСӡһȥ֣Сѧ˼
İ׻ʱʱ˵䣬˵ǡҶС̯
ӣƾһæﶪһţһҧ
죬ˮ˵ҿͼϽһ˭֪
ôᣬҶ

ܿһ䡣ȰƸԸߣҲ׳꣬
Ȼһе硣䷳ͬ˵ʮͳ£
ѧʲôǶ׹ɳȴɳϿͣڵص
ϻ֮ࡣ밢ȣǸƻ
ͨӴȴҲĳҲʵһʶҪҸ


ǱӸӳǵĶӳһܴ۵Ľаݸ߸ߵ
ۣƤеڹ·첲һһģǴ
Ͷһϵת첲һһһһܿҸ
ʱ๤һǸһһɵӰﴩµķ
Զ˵֪ڼ緸ʲô£һҹӹѲ
ȴ˱ӳЩ˰͵ýǼµĻ졣

ϣΧҿԭֵౣץ˸ǽ
С͵Ǹǰ䡣Ҳ̽ͷ￴һ£Ǹץ˱
ڽ䣬Ѿòᣬ𻹲ʱ໰߼š־
ػȥ˵ǸΪС͵Ļû͵ʲô˵ûסޣ
ޡ

һϣС㡣ǰ˵ǸϴСءҼ
ǽͬһȥģȻҶ
û˹ܣΪĬģҲͷǵ㡰԰ظȴ¡
ڻϣ¥򳡷ſɤУһʼҲ֪
ʲô֪Ǻҡҡֵ˵ûȥ
ƸҪȥأ¥ˣһѾסң˵˭
С㣿֪ô¡˵ҲҲ˵
ʱҲͷһڣ˭˭
ȥ

Ҳֱͬ磬ϴȴҵĳƣҪҳ˵
ΪǶҹܡ˵ٶ඼ûãҾͻ
ᴩ·¥˳šʱԼҹ㡣ڳ·
ͣͣ˻ߵˡҴӴſڿǰ
ֵ࣬˽ȥͬ˵ˡƳԾ˵꣬Ҷ
İҪһᣬȥûسơ

ϰ࣬˳䣬ѳƸҡΪûˡ˭֪չ
һᣬˡߵǰһѾסңڹߵһ˭
ϰࣿߣ˵кðɣ磬ҸϹء˵ʲôߣ
ʱزڳ䣬˺һղʦȥˣ߹ư
ʲô㣿ǰѰƵſڣҶݺݵ˵Űɣ
㣡

ҪҵŭˣҲסҰѱһ飬뿪䣬
˳ţϡϻʮԪҪһѲ˵ڹ̨棬
ʱò˵ӭشڳߵź˵Ĳ˵Ҹе
˿⡣ǣһѣˣһѣַˡ뵽ǧ
Ѻƶлŵļңһ˫˫޸۾һص˳䡣Ȼ
ջ˼ʣˣסң˵Ҫ
ҸͲǮʵեˮŭ˵ȥϴ
öɨϴһ飡Ѿ˵Լͷ±ʣ˵ȥˡ
¥£ҿ䣬ֻҵͷѾ֪£ض
ָƶϴŮԱʱһݼٵŮͰͰ
ϴãʮ־㵡ԼǺܿ쿴ǲصĵģȻ
˳䣬غţϴͷһͬ˵˵ǰ
Ǿģ⼸ˡ

ΪûܰﵽҸеΣǸѵˡºң
ǽϵľ첦ŪŰ߰ߵߵʱһ̧ȣ澵
ӱﻩһءһôģ˵Ŷ˼
ûע⡣ŭעñأӵñҲû
벻ɣѹʯͷһ˵С㣡һ죬
˵ʲôǰƵĶ֡

ˡ⻹ҵһѷ˵ɳĥһ£
˼Ҳ⵱ľɴʰɣʱ˸ձʳ
游˶ĳñġ
ĿΪõĴʡҵĹʲٶ飬Ķ顣
˵ʰؽƱ۳ƱǮ
顣⹤ô򰡣Ҹӻ̻󡣴̱ǵˮҲҸеܲˣÿ
չͲʣʱ㵽ϡ·ϣҪˮϴõһ
Ƥܸойˮζθغҷ
ü칩Ӧȥԡ֪ԼʣⲻǳԵܽ
ġ

Ҫ뿪ҲǼðյ£̲ޣһڵش򹤵ָ
ҳģһһԪءҾһ£ʱõʾ
ˡ 

ʱ˼¡һаͬسˣ˵ôٶǮ
˵㻭˶ٶأлҪʱ㶼ղ
жǮŸȴǲȥ칤ʱط
ߵض˵Ǹ˲У²̤ʵ춢ŻһŮӣ˼дţ
˼Ҳֵ·˼ҡɻҪǮٺ֣ҾҪˣ
һùȷҲûºӡ

˹ʺ󣬲ϰ࣬ȥϼš˵ߣȥ
һȥгһֻѼϰѼݸһ
ڴȴ˵٣˴ǮˣûʮԪǮ˵ʮԪģ˵
ͽһţ»ȥ㡣ֻøʮԪƿơص
ʱ˵ҽͣԡ˵ãȥ˳䣬ᡣ

ҹ쵽Էʱ䣬صᣬͰȼѾ͹һ
ˣҲûǰ˽ȥԡҴȥҰһ뷹뿪
ˡ

һûϰ࣬ҲǮ˸볧ˣȥ
ǼɽׯϢԭɽׯŮˡ

˼졣Ҵɢסң˵ҵš
ңţͰ˵ʲôһϰʱҹҲӡ
ҪҰæ͵Ĵӵģһңҡҡλߵ
ǰ䲻žظһ⣬ͳҡҷӦߵſڣѽ
Ҵȥ˺ԶȭͷŭسǱߺյģ

ת԰˵̫ˣ侹˵鲻ã
ˡ

㿴͸˰䡣Ҳ㿴͸뿪ң˵
ܿͱԼˣǻһ뿪

ʱżϻͬ˵ȥ⡣֪ҲѰﵽҶ١
˵ʱģϴǸܲϣǼ
ʱɵġɨһ۹̨滹һڼӹǿ
չޡѶл˰صĳ⡣

վ̨ϣŰ׻̫ʲôڽСؽУ
ȴвؽУҰһֻ˵ıڵϴȻ
飬ĿǡǶסҵľһѪ޷ֱ桭

֪ҪߣЩᣬε˵ҶôãҲ
ʲôչǰ;߾ߣҲáȥ
˵Χתתɣûʵľȥݸ

Ͱ͵ɺãȻֻδᣬʲ
дŵʱǰһֻӰӡڻ˵һжã
ġ֪Ը˵ԶԶġҳý볧ǰΧתתһ
񣬾;ȥݸˡӳﵽ·ߵվ̨أ˵
ңȥ㡣˵ˣҪ͡ҰʣµЩõĲ
Ʊӿ㶵ͳ˰ơ

ڶһ磬ƽƵ공ȥվ̨ҵ࣬һ
аװˡ·ϣڵϣ˵ƣûƾ
Ӳǰ취ûѧա˵ǵģѧվ̨
ҵǸҲˣСȥ˶ݸ

ûڶݸҵõ˶ݸ״θҵǾǽϵѪݣ
ͬһ׻նҵա
ٴ£ڹǸճ㶫򹤵ĵһվ
ȥҰأЩ̲ΪǸɢֻҪлǸ
ʱԻȥЩƿƿ޹ޡȥ˵ЩҲˡȻ
ֻڵʱ򲻵ѵµ뷨ѡҴʡվͻصǸ
طֱ仯һ³ưô꣬һСʳӷۣ
ȵͣؼеӺеءˮɳʯ·ҵǸ
ſڵıİס򱣰ء˵ˡҿ˿
Щ仯ҲһѡҲǹȥģҲ֪
Ƿѱϴּô˯ܴôһ
ðֲð֫ڴϣû֪Ϊãȴһ
ҲûתֻŰȥһ룬·ϣͲ
ֹһֻԶŵңĵҲϮһ˿µͻȻ

ڣѾûпɿˣֻİףζ
ࡢĥ硢񡢻ᡢˣˮζһ
Ҳؼˡûͣͷ·վ̨ߡһлһ
ŷХ

Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

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ǵĳľʵĻķ̶ȣ
ѾΪгꡣڽʮ겨ܡƼʻĹ
̨ϣǰһעĿĽɫԭۺľʵ
׻Щ֧ǿӲ̬緶أ̳
1935桶񡷺󣬾Ϳʼἰ˵
۲죬ʶһй֪ʶӵ̬ȣдһй
顣ἰܹйĻûԷ
״̬µĹ˶һЩ˽⣬ƺǸһ¡
񡷳׵߸йʶƫı˶Թ
й⡣ضϵй˵ϸںͶ˶ʵĻ
粻˺䶯ҸдҲ˼ĸӡ
߰棬˳а1938ŵѧͶԡ
񡷴ͣǡй걸Ҫһ顱

񡷵ĳɹʹõһĶдƻ
Ǿöǻۺдһ顣Ҫ̤Ļϣ
һĶľ֮áʮ󣬹ӡ
õͷγɡдԼе˵ѧ͹ᴩڼ
ϵ˼ƷʣòóȻʵԭȻѴʱ
۳ұܣЩĵľ¾
µ¶ķȣOliver Wendell HolmesĹԭĬ
Emersonİѩǵɽ壬ޣThoreauҶʯ¼ӡ
£Edgar Allan PoeĺڰɽɣǣSantayanaǧӢߵ
ԭУ֣Ben FranklinЦɽȣֿϣLincoln
ηʯ񷶥ܸѷJeffersonϣĺΰ̽Ѱ
мĵľ£не˼˵
ۡΪҵľ֮ã׾١

ηݵľУôĶ˺̸ܣʹ
˵Լ֡Ҹѧ⣬һѧ
߸˻ıȽЩӰµռǺ;
Ƕ˾Ӱ졣Ϊ۸ӽжô
ľԣһǻ۵ȫͼǿԻƳġΪ
һᣬ˼ʵ֮һǿҵ
ʵֵۡÿ϶ڽԼһϵеѰ󣬲ǴֳɵĹ
ȥעԼĶѧʶҴ𰸣ǲȡ
ѧ֮ʿѡγɼӰѧ˼Ļ˵ռǡ
ейǻ۵˿ԼºĬıʶһ
ԼĻȫͬ˵ϰס

Ρɣǵһ䡰˽ܷҸĿˡ
˵ǻ۾簮ֵ߱СƷ棬
˶˼Լǻһ־ʶ

ֻȷеİղҶɫṹֵһ
ʵ飬пܻܽ߳ĳдԵĵ
ѿѧڵʡǷڡڡܸѷ1920Լѷǵ
˹дƪĻ۵շת࣬Ҷһ£ٶַ
£ΣΪôԷһ£ҲٴλǾϤĻο
˼ڡ仰ǿҪԡһעԣҵɹ
ͬ˵Ǽο塣˾ȵǣ1848꣬Ҳ̸һ
⣬˵Ҿڵң˵ҿʼΪڵҡڡ
ֻǹȥչδȰ֪ҴڡйϤ
ʫ˻ڡҵĸ衷д֪ʵڵģȫģ
ڵ״̬š㹻ˡûʶһ㡣
ʶˣҲ㡣ΪӰĬղķ˹ɣǣѿ
ǵ۷չһеġϣˡһЩʾ
Ҫۡ

1961꣬ӦͼһΪйѧ
ݽ̸ѧҵ⣬˵ܽһʱ̸
һʱľʵֻܴӼܳΪӣЩп
ʱľоһʱѧҲоһʱľΪˣ
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ĹУǴѧҵľУѰйͼ
ĺڵڴάɭƷУþͿˡ
ԼͬΪɭһλˣ
ŽȫкԸĺġҼᶨ˶ʶΪ
άɭƷжֵͨĿֺӵĸм֮顣

һҸϵһۡ˵Ҹͨ;
ȡ֤ôɵǷҸһֵ̽ˡ
ýΡɣǡһɡԼɺҸ⣬
ĬռǺʹάɭƷѰĬ˵ڳʱţ
ʱؽ̸ҵ겻˼ҲΪʹһת
ûбͶЧķˡͨӲݳĸҲԼԸ
С̣ںܶʱڣҾͿȸĸ߷
ʮɫľ

Ϊλʾǻۡάɭðա
ԡĹˮ֮ҸкУͬҲб
߶ǺֻҪʡڡСһУ
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һѼԭʼĽʽһλдˮƽǳɫղķ˹
дǿ˶дһ
ڿеĽʽķ̹ԼĹ۵㣺һӦڸ
õѻšôûв˻ŵأǿ˿˹
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̳³ĴٳϸõԾͬڲϣ
˶Ҳֵ쾡£һССϹݱҲø
ǿҵ׷ĶԺ͸͡ÿһ˶Լҵ
ãÿõ˶ǲУ˲вҪκεļ⣬
ĽϡΪ˳ᲽеȤ˹ëٴ
ǵҰ˵ΰͬʱҲΰĲߡ

˵Ȿǻ۵棬Ҳߵã
ͬʱҲûаС˵޶ʽȫǸΪûΪ
ЩλãְҵߣߣŮ˵ˣʵߡԼ
Щϣûϣʲôطˡ

ͨĸܺͿЩǳƽϿ
֧ڸֵķִСƽУԼڵ
гǻ۵Ҫɲ֡ΰĿѧҰء
˹̹ΪĽβġΪʶȸɱǷ
һ֮úһȡõĵأһʻ
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һֱΪ˵ĽзǷָ֪˾ˣײࡣ

ײΪʮֲֻ̦ܿ·ִײ˺Сײ֡ײɢ
Ҷ򡢻ĺͽĸ֣СײͨСײˡ˺Ͳ̦
ֻ֡ɷ֡ҹشﲩϱ֮ӣһ֮䣬
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ˣؽзһ೮ֲʵ԰ʳ
鶼мءضҶɫīҶף
ưưˡưҶ֭ʺά٣һӣ
Ӧꣳ¡رǾ˪ѩưˣưر
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һҶˣ̦ʱͲгԣݫͲ̦ȴ⣬ר̦

̦Ǽصļߡδѧҷɴ԰ˡ֮һӽɣ´
裬ݿ۽̦ʡϪͷѡͷĺιƹ顣Ҳ
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ݿײˡ೮Իݿ趬ʱ֮٣Ի
ݿ

֪ʱ̦ưҶֹ֣ʩʾУǶûʲô
溦Ҳߡ

̦еĵطСˡ󣬲̦ȥҶǴϸһ̲
ġ

̦Ƥгɿ飬Լʣŵͼɣѡ
̦гնȡ峴

ҵļ¯ˣҶų¯״һÿɴ
幫ءжպԣ΢ࡢ㡢ˬڡ

ǵöʱһ˾ˣĸ׾ͳؼңһʳ
飬ڴɹﴩ˹ܺĸ׾ͽȡ£
װˮͰȥϴҲȥҼߵСϡ

չˮԺɹϵҲůġҲѧĸ
Ьȣڽˮһ˫žͶͨ죬ҾŴӺ
ˮҸέȥӱߵ򽣬ȥɳҷ׽зз
ɽʱзѾӺϰˡ

зˮɵػŽ𴬷ӣӴ
㣬ôȥϳȥӴɶӣ˵ԧ졣гкͣ
ѹβ滺ƽͣﶼġ

һ˶ںӱǳˮţĸ׳վڱĽˮ
һһáһҶһҶϸϸϴҶ͹ǳ죬ϴ
ĸּɾˣĸ׾ֱֱִҿˣֻ
ĸ߰ϴãĸ׾ͿЦ˵ǶʹҸĸҲ
ˡʵֻ棬ϴĸҪϴ

յ磬ĸײϴ˵ĸ˻ؼңȡŰϯϴ
̯ɣȻװݲ̳һһѹһ
һΡٷһһΡʱĸ׺ϡ
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ĻƺЩأʵеģǽСԱ˵
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ĸݵˣҶǻƲӲӵģζ˱ǣƮʮһο̳
ĸҪʢһƷ̾ĸ׾͸ˡ

ԴǰС˵Ҫһꡣƽ˺
㡣˿ʱ˳ʱ˶
˰ڴﰾ˺һζ

ĸ׻һָˣֻ˵ġ¯֣ΰװѹ
ʵ޿ٹӲƬȻ󽫹޵ˮ˺ɿ
桢桢ζʤեˡֻǷѹϣÿֻһСޣ
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˻̦ѿեͣȲһǾͻὫ˵̦
ָϸ̦ϴնɴΣˮ˳̫죬ʢ
ںʵҶһֻ룬ʵСʱ
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̩ͨСθֻšҲŪ˳ɲ˵Ļ
ҹ⿣ҲЩ

ڣ㿴һ׳ù߽߱ȴ̹
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ŲôĹâҵĸ׺ĸ׹ͬһһͷţ
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ŪֻɰСèҴӼһͷ

ȻؽиͣŶ߿һ棺һ
ͷɢһưܵľһƵİ롣Ⲣ
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׵ﺬˮŸײֵšʱֿ
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ᡣһԺĸĸ׿£˻ߵļ
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ĿԸ׺ĸ׽ǷֻΪ˸ɺų˵ҪǮ
Ԫ˵Ů˱׺ĸһֻ֡׺ĸͣ
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һ𣬾Ͳûĸ׹ˣĸײŸһͰ͵ңһԪŮ
۾һޱȴݶ򾲵ؽӹһԪǮŮ˵ٶǵ
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ַôּۻءŮƿԡ˺Ů˶һɫ
Ҿȵط֣ǵ͸żֱġ

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ҪĸɵɶǮƫƫҪ˵ʡ²ܿࡣ
أֻƲƲ죬ʲôҲû˵

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ҶȻֻɫƤԾʧĿҵ
ࡣ

Ϊʲôҽɫͯĸʶ׵ʱһ
飿ҲǸ쪶ˬķйذɣ

ģɫƤҺȻ뵽뵽˽Ǯ뵽
ͬؤ

ķ

ʮʱſʼģԭܼ򵥡죬ڣ
ĸҪȥĸϷأĸҲҪȥĸϷء˵ҵ
ùþĸ˸׵Ĺùĸ׵ĸסĸߺ
˼ţԽԽԻԽԽ˼ͻȻôһ
֮ĶˣʼӴˣ
ȫһЩԻĶ

ĸĸ˺ܶҽһжͽ͵ģʧط
ƣӴˣСһѾķˡӴˣķ˿ʼ
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һûз磬յһС·ϡ
С·һô˩һֻݴһֻ󰣬Ҳź
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硣˺ȻԼֻܴ򲢲֪һˣ
Լݶû˹ЦĳԲδˣ
Ŀתˡ·ߵϻϣϻͶһӰ
˿ӰӣעתӰܹȥӰӾ
Ȼһ˫ץӰӣ˺ܴȻץýȥȡ
۷ΣӰֻǲʵһڵ̫ĹâӰ
ȻˣֶַѰȥӰӡʱߵĺƺܿ
ˮվЦ֪ζͻĴ꣬
ںӰӡʱһλũ˴ӵϻһݣ
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ĴڣܹȥذũƳũ˶һε
Ⱦˣعͷһ۱㿴˳Ƴķˡũԭ˵
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ͷЦֳֹΪ˵עĿ꣬Ƿ˰Ҳ
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һûз磬˻һֱС·ϡС·Ա߽
һƬصأصҰɢ˵ķ㡣һɢķӣ
Ų˵˼˾ЩصغܺܲͬѰзΧ
˾÷ͷͷ֮÷صһжһ
ǰ棬ϸƵһֲͬ
ڷˣԭһصѽ֫չ
һ棬ԶԶȥǡ

һûзҹվԣһȼյͨľ̿Ȼ
˷˵Ŀ⣬棬Ϊڻб͸ӳ˷صģ
һӴڶһľ̿˼ͻ䡣˵ĸȻû
ʶ躢ӻľٶҲ뵽һʶľٶջʹ
ϵһĸװһ׵ݸӶӣСĵǺ·
ãͬʱһֻҲ߬

һԣȫǸ׸ˡ׸Գ
ףӿڴͳ˻Уûͷʹػ˼ûţ
Ϊ޵ġû뵽һȻȼˣ˵
ŷ˷ܵĹâЦŰѻ񶪽׸ˣ׸һȼ
̰Ŀ⿴ȼյĻ磬ܵ˵ˡ

ͻȻˣ׸޶ȵȼգ˿һƬɫĺ
ĳ˽ȥԾźͻţǰһƬ
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ȥãغĸ׵ĸǸ׵Ĺùá

ĹѸ

ڳеǣδգδǲǣ˵
ڹѸɩһգһǲ

ǵģԶҲũæµıӰǽʵļ⹹ɵ
Ұһ羰е嶼ʵеļⶼҵĸ
ǵСҺ͸ȥҰɻŮˣá
ϹҸ

ʱҵעеɩϣϹ飬ۿ
ĺӣΪҵĽ㡣·޵Ĳĺӡ
˵Х㡣ɩֱͦģֻ
۾ãεĹ⡣ӣһбι
ֻ׺ˡӴˣɩһλĹѸȰļޣ
ӵĳȰļޣҲ˴ɩ⣬ɩ·ѳΪ㡣Ϊ
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ʱƻ轫ڣһλĹѸվڷУվڴӵҰ
ɫĳɩһƬɫˣ΢۾ָ
Ž˯ĺӡɩûа֡ǰֻнɫˡɩ
ΪʲôǱ۾΢۾Ϊڻƻʶֳܳ
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ԣվڻƻУӰŨҵɫʡ

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ȥСַʽؾסС塣ɩĳһƥ
ҰںҹɫСĳһ԰һҰ
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һСɫʶʧá

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ˣŽɫˡŴơԼŶС
Ӱӣף󶹡ɩ磬һ
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׵ҶɩõӰܰ͵͵ȥɩӣ
һЩҵļ˲ܣǸŮˣҰ
ϱһءࡱңá񶾡ĺؾ
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ǸҲͣػ䡣

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Ȳɫ˾ȲƻƵͲ˻Ȳֻڻ
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Щ󼾣Ǹɺ꣬ѵ췢ʣżЩС
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ʱ۵ظֻŵǽйִȾķ֪ʶ
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Թԡ

һĵһֻϲȵɽҵԺӣվǰͩ
һֵ֦ϣؽиͣ

ҩ߳߶ʲô                         
                     

Ů

ĸһ̣ܵеĴ˸ĺܺ
šǧ𡱡ʵ㲻ʲôǧֻһͨ˼ҵѾͷ
ֻһȺͨŮеһ

Ͷָĸ游ĸĻģ㻹ʱʱ
ͻСŵĸϵЬϵĴӣ游ó̴ĸϴ룬
ÿʱǾЦȴһĸ綮µöࡣʱ
Լǿֵġ㳤ʱ򣬵Ƥĸ۸֮⣬
ﲻǴȥ׽㣬Ū·ģĸ׵ۣ̾
˰ĸϵЬ游ó̴Ҫ߸·²һ˫
Сְĸϴ·ʱҲίȥ游ĸ״游
ĸæ§ڻĸαغһ٣˵ǶôĶεĹɣ
óĵԣ游ĸ˵ȸˣһ
ݺܵһ١ѾˣѽЩίͲһɶ

ѧˣѧУڴ壬һءѧ;ҪһСӣ
СӻΧĴׯСźխĸ游ĸҪ㣬ÿһ
㶼ҡҡͷͬеŮһСؿСϲΡΡĶ
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ѩѧϰɼܺá㿼˳УĸҲбҵˡҪ
ȥѧˡһѧڿѧʱ͸ͬʱҪѧѣҪǮҲҪǮ
ҵΪ游ĸףΪżϻļ٣Ϊ͸
ѧѶһҹĸ˵ѧ۲һŮ
־УϰɡȻ׺䶥
㲢ԼСʱغ游ó̴ĸϵЬĸϴϴ·
ˣʱĸѾĬĬظ˺ɰ㲻ԣ游ĸȰ˵
ȥⲻȫŮϼ־Уĸ˵һҲʶòҲͦ
ġϰѧʵ

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վҰæµķص·ԵһƬ͵ˡ
ӰССԵôƮ졣ȴ˶һޱ
ÿһӺÿһԼԶׯģ
ڸĸģҲֳġǣ걻Ĵ
˸бҵûпϴѧѾϰѧУжֲѧϰ
ӣԸ㸸׸ҲԸװҵأЩС
족һĸĸ˶ƤҲܲˣȰʱһ˵ٹܣ
ʱһίں˾Ȼһʧ

͸ĸµļ϶ĺˮģ˫ۡûע
ͷϲԶһø߸ߵİϵֻȸѾǿð

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ĸֳġͻڹ뷿һ߱֯һ̸Ÿָ
¡

һý߽ļš

游ĸǧĸ򱦱ĺУڸĸ׸˵Уˣ
Ըĸ˼ױ㡣㴩ϺµʱԺ
ֳг֯裬ĸɫ̹ȻشΪ
֯ë¡

Ů

ˣŮˡ

λãŶһİ˵С塣㿴ȥ
֣ԭͲС壬СΪһˣΪ˾һ
Ů˶Ҫ顣

ǵģ㻳ŶԸĸӴ޵ȥİڱ
ҪϤ뱲ӵС塣

»Ľϻûȥ;ȵطϾһ
ˣǺܻ˵ϾȻй

Ǻܿأ˭ҹŮ˭ҸǷҪ˭ȥҪТ
£㶼˭ҰæˡףȻԺҪԼ
Ͻɫ͵ӦŮӦصĹء

ĳ쾭ֻּׯ
ղŻĴ̡ʱ㻹ӦİССˮ
ӦСΧĻӦ˵ĸ׺˵áȻ
ޱҵӣȻﲢġøݵء޿
ʱں˵ĸ׻˵ñսⳡ
û̵սУ˵ˣΪ㿴ȭͷ
ȭͷȴû䵽ϣı޿κεò˵

ƾŶһСڱ̫ˮݹҰϺ
˦˱ӣҵƥ硣Ұɫ
ͬҰһƬɫ׸ʱļѤ
ʡ

Ϊ己Ϣĸ壬ܿ˹Ů̥ʱ
ڿӤȼǸͻСЦˣǰ
һĴɽ

򲼺СѰȹ＾

һ＾ӣ˾Ѭҡҡλεؽţ
Ҳ֪˭ŮŵѶ㵽һߡؽ˲
ϣӸϱӸ˵ˮ¡˯
ˡŮڼעŵ㣬Ȼȥβݡ˯ˣ
ûȫʧʱ˽һСζԺҪ
ôˣ˵ܵܵģ˵ԽԽ
չ˺Сһˣȥҡڶ磬ֻˡ

ĿĹŮǳ˳ˣĶҲΪ
һûиҳһ

ò峺͸ļֻظıգ
أԾûиÿҪҵԼĸ

ȻĵطͻϢͻһǧһҹ
һһעĿķ羰ϣһ°Ķ
˵Ļ㶼̽Ӵչȥҹʧ
ǶӸɵĶѾþˣżҵĹҵĸµ
ҵĶΪϱҪϱҽԺһԭϱû
ëӻʲô˽в֢ǮǮܿһȥǮȻ˵û
С˵ĭӴɳ

ŮǱԽԽߣȴԽԽֱŮ˼ҵϱ
Ȣ˱˼ҵĹŮŰ˼ޡ㿴ͷϵ̫һ
˵ζοˡ

ĸ׽ڣҺĸС·ϡ

Ϧĸϵƺͷϵİ׷ҺȻһӶ㡣



һ糿Ҳһеʱ򣬴ʱĿг˾ջ
ζ紵˵絶һ񺺵ĳ֣СС
ĵ

ũҵСҰҪѴѺӵĻջ
һũˣҲ٣ũ˵ĿУ˵ľǣ
԰ȥ˵͵ãһһ
ǰȼѾõĵƣԼҲԼġΪ˸
ȥ·յĵƱȼˣ񺺿ʼ裬ĵƿʼ
ߵ壬Ѿʼ質׵磬ƺһȥ
ǰ֣Ҳһũ졣

ʲôһȥãյĵߵ
ΧߣҲѱ˺ˣ񺺵ڤڻ
߶ȹÿһ졣һ¶С֪Լĸĸ˭ǱС
ģҸȢϱ˶ӣӣ
Ѿһʮ˵ĴͥˡʮһΪ
񺺸ǻĻᡣ

⣬ǸС񺺣Լ˵ȥ죬
Ʈѩһ̿ʼΪһꡣȥƺ
ǰһѰϣӱѰ漣
µĺѰ̸ڵĸԣеķţѰҵָʱ䣬
ӸɿʵѰҵˬСޱȽ̬Ϊ߳
顣졣дʣһСѾߵ֮ϡһ
һũãƺȥԺ

񺺵ӰƺһĺӴϵζʹƮɣ
Ĳ߻ߵǸеĳָοΪߵǸܵ
һõַΧ񺺵ĸ質ҵȥ˴ĳ
ʪܵǸǶȥũ˴ƣ˷˵
Ͱơ

ʵС裬ĸʹĳЩصɡߵ
ںᴩһ磬ջԼڹҰ塣ȹ
ӼˮСҲ¹죬ֵԼʱȴ
졣˵λƵˣһҪá

һС񺺣ڰһԺɹƽӣ
ҰأżϻţȥӱˮĴʹûأ
ߵҲѾ˵أѾȥµµϣ
µĿʼ

ȷˣֻ˵顣   

Ӱʦ   

ŮӰʦݳС糿Ľͨһг

ǿҵջǣΪƯƵֻ
ΪĳѾһϵһ

¶׸˸Ұׯڡһк
ĸ״ȥࡣĸ˺ӵҪ
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¶ҰʱǻŷĬĬʧƬϵ¶ȴ
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ϴࡣƬϣӺһֻӻ׸ϵ¶飬
ޱȡСݵϰ徭Ůͬ⽫Ƭ͡
ſڡƬˣһУӶ֪

һ죬ޱȡŮ⸧΢΢͸졣
ѾֻɵԼŮӰͶŵС·ϡŮĶͷ
˺顣˽Ųһ˼ҵŴˣһĸ״̽
ͷﱧһŮӤĸ׵ϴ飬ӤҲĿ
Ůȷе˵ǿŮӤȻŮЦ
ĸױӤվǿóʯʯ¡Ů֪Ӥĸ׵
һʱѺþˣѸٵùȦӤĸԼǿʯ
˽ƬϡʱСеĺӶΧסСԺΧǿʯ£
ؿŮһһŮĸ׻ӻ֣΢Ц𣬶Ҵ
ȥŮѾԶȥˣҫ·ϣгͿ֨֨
컹庢ǵĶ졣

ŮҪȥһһԸս࣬Ķͷɹ飬
֪ʱǡǡõʱ䣬ơڣСһӽ
ŮҰǵųֳɫϵĴϲֻû˾ϵĺƽ
չʾˣебչɫȹӵʹɫ
վſڣϻҹɬɵϻҹ
ҸŮһԼϵĴϲֶ
ŮɬɵЦݶضѾӽƻ裬
ϼԸ·Ϳһۺ죬ʹƽ͡

Ů߳˴дϲֵšŮֻ΢ЦȻ
ԺһֻӺվڰϵȸǸƤк
վſڵɶͣ֡ӴԺһƬ͵ף¶
飬ϦСţˮ˼ҡѾһӰʦ
 

ŮվСϣԽԼӦеϸعС壬С
Ļ˸߸߰ϵȸ

С·ϣһŮһгһϼС



˵˵幹С塣ȹһķӣ߲
ǽֱӶѾ˵ֻСһк
۵Сڳذӣϳֳɫ
һӵĺӳ󳤳ˡ

Ϊһɶ׼ҵףУӵ
ԼŮˣշС˸߸߰ϵĳϹ
ڹ˵ķѡС֪ԺҪ游ĸһ
һֲжΡɵѹҸûɾһƬҵЦУ
ѾΪ˸סС磬ӻӹ˺ӡС
˾ֻϵһҵԼõ淽ʽѧ˳ء
ո͸֡Թ緹ְѺӻӣȻ˳ͷ
һС常׵վͷСҰĽӴ
˵ӰӳϣɢϢЩȣ˵ĺ
̵Щۣ˵Ķͷϸܵĺ顣ĳͷ
ʯĹ󣬹˻˲һĳͷ˵һ
͡ڣʯĳͷн˸һһ
Ĵ󶹣ƣڵϡ۾˿̧̫ƣ
ͼס˵Ĺߡ˵ӰĺζӲɢźζ
ֽҵزҲЪЪȵһƬ
ڶزԶһԼϣ
ֵĵطδѵأϳһЩСݡ˵ӰѾ
͵ϣȼţɫɢڱ粵
СУĴ͵ģ͵Ĵοޱȡ
ԺСһ˺һͷţһСĻ棬˲ҵ̫
ãֻһֿ̾ʼ

Сʽ˷æļڣһոӵ
׻չţֳҫ۶ĿĵĹâ

СѾѧʹһ磬ͬʱѧ˼Ԧһͷţʱ
һ磬˷еķС˵ǰһƬո
أ׻˶أǱոµ˿ϡѾ
ڷڶţѾơһߺȣؿʼ˦˱ӡ
˵һƬֵأʵϢ֮ϣֻ
¶ţģıӰţ·ζ
ӿ˵ıǻ˵һ߹ԶظѾ߹ĺ
Ӽ԰԰ٴ԰԰֪ƣš

˵ĴڲΪҺڡ㿴ڵľݣľݴǽͷǽ
ͷѾ˸߶ȡǼѵģֳΰ塣һ
ǽͺСϵһ˸Ƿõӣ
һӽˡ˵ĽСĴھͺǽ
ϵһ

һ˵岻һǽĳнߣǺӵĳеߡС
һˣС壬ǣ˵Ǻӵ֧ŵ㣬
ļϣ֧úӿһϡĻ档ˣĽ˱ݣҲ
˵ࡣļֻ̳Ϊ˵һִڽӴķʽʱ
ʧУ˺Ůһȥ

Ѿ⣬ţĲҲûһˣ޽һ
ݣϵƬҲµİ룬òƲҲͬ
ڱ°롣



ʲôϵ̣Ĵ뻨ʱǽ
µĵϣһ̶УԼ
ɵﵹˮΪһүүؿĵ̡
ǣȴʼնԼʮǸ˱ɫʣ
ɫлص

ʮ꺢ӵʱÿ쿸ųصĳ
ĺӹ򡣺ӹһéݡϦ԰Сɫ
ϼĳѾᵽݵϢͻȻӹϳһ˫š
¼˫ţ˺ںڵĽֺǽֺҲ
ɫϿˣһˣĲɣﶢһ
ȺϵĿ⣬һʵʥͽ

ȻȺ֪һ˫źʲôϵȺҪǹݡ
˼ϵװݣóԣһԡֻʮ
Ծؿˡ

ӴԺÿ춼Ҫݣ׼ʱȺ׼ʱѸµ
ιȺʣүүԼǸ
˵ͷҡҡͷ

ʱȥˣ̫ÿ춼׼ʱȺҲ
ܹꡣһ죬պȻһƬڵĴ
Ǵҿ˵ĲݣȺǳֲꡣط
˲û飬ĲʺߡչȺ
̰سݣҰͻȻðһƬ̡漣س
Ұ࣬۾ϲĳΪ˿Ⱥ
Ȼˣصĺɫǰ̣
ȺĹϵҲһ˫źȺĹϵɫĽֺصĹϵ

һظðʹڼһ¡һº¿ʼ
Ѿȥݿˡ

ӴҲûг֣˵Ĳǿҵش̼е񾭡ÿȥ
ȺԷؾۼ˵ĲԣؽУĬĬ˼
ˡȺϻغӹطֺӹҲʼ˥ܡһ죬
һ⣬Ҫȥˣϣ˵ĳ֣Ϊѽɫ
ϼٻһԶٻҲһеٻȺӹ
ϳݸС׷ʣ׷Ǹ˵䡣ǣʧˣ
ǸصˣǸֺںڵ˲СģСҲ֪
ģҲֻһ޼ҿɹˣһ޼ҿɹôס
أ

Ժ޵˼ֳܳϡݺͺںڵĽֺ
Ǹݡ

˺ͲݳԶڽ벻յ׵
ʲô

ˣ˺͵һֲһˣÿڷ
ǽ̴ǹͭɫӡ˭Ҳ벻
ʱѰʮȻԺռʱʱ룬ռǸ
˵



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