                         ˿µϣ20080412գ

08.04.12, ӡѧʷ¼
08.04.12, ͷ硶йƼѧʱԭ̬ӭӽѧˣ
08.04.12, hedianҿĸߵȽѧ
08.04.12, ʵһѧĽ衪԰ѧʥһѧԺΪ
08.04.12, ̷ϷĩΪʲôˮ翪
08.04.12, ΪֹͳƵıѧȺ˳Ϯ
08.04.12, boot㶫ʡ´ְԵ˱ӡ
08.04.12, һͨ˰ˡעһйѧԺ˼ƻһλѧߡ
08.04.12, Ʒ÷ʥ֡˭ӣ˭ѧֵͬķ
08.04.12, пԺȴũҵ̬оֺоӥƪһͶ
08.04.12, ֶСݸĿҽľ𣿣7
08.04.12, ܲ롶ǸζԴҩ
08.04.12, 桶ҽ۵Ļ
08.04.12, ־Ϊҽߡ
08.04.12, СŮҽʽо
08.04.12, ѰĻʱĹƬ֡طϵ֮18
08.04.12, lw56102ϰɵģ
08.04.12, laomaҵˮ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

                    ѧʷ¼

                           ӡ

    أ18831971ʱӢӰѧ
֮һ19131932׶صطϯѧң1932
׶شѧѧԺѧϵֱ1950ݡ1942Ӣ
ѧ᳤1946걻ѫλǵһλѫӢѧҡ
1971ǰѧѧ󽱣ǵһλøýӢˡ

    ع300ƪģ200ƪݺ󷢱ġ
ЩУʼ֤˵ҪŴӰ졣
ĳЩо˵˽ѧУ̸ͨ
ѧУΪ֤ǰߵ͸ߣ˽ѧУ
ױͨѧУĸ׸ɹ˵˽ѧУ
ŴԸס

    еоȥ˵ǶСֿͬ
ӵоͬͬĻŴӰ
ôʹǴСڲͬĻǵߵҲǳ
ȷطַֿͬӵ̷ǳͳƱ
ڸ߶ȵԡݺⷢ3ƪģ1955
ı21Էֿӵо1958
ӵĿӵ30ԡ1966иĿﵽ53ԡ

    3ƪı㷺ãڲ󲻾ø鷳
1972꣬˹ٴѧѧڶ˲ص3ƪ
ע⵽һδע⵽Ȼ3ƪ漰
ĿͬյȴһģһҾȷС3
λֿͬӵԶ0.771һͬ
ӵԶ0.944Ȼ˲ר
Ҫо䣩ͳѧʶɺǲ
ܷġ

    ͬʱֲҲɵ㡣1939һƪУ
õķĳλߵѧλϸ1943
һƪУԴ㷽ݱһƪ
׶شѧѧԺ鵵ѧλҵǿȴҲЩѧλ
ģǴδύ׶شѧѧԺҪ˵鵵ˡʵڲ
ǰ˾ͶݵʵɣȻûйĳλ
ٵԺʿԭʼѧܣҲŪȥ
磬1954꣬˸Ӣͳѧ־дţҪṩ
1919ĪͬһƪĵԭʼݣڴгĪ
ڸÿһڽĶķ
ƪĲûг֡ʵϣ1919ԺĪҲûз
κġ

    Ϊ3ƪйоģҲ1909
еĵȫǱġصѧѧ
ݴѧɪղɭΪ˻ףصصӢռطȫ
ļоȴطֻ20ȻСͬ
ȴ䡣òϲصǲɿģǲΪ
٣ǴĵµġһλصѧôΪر绤ģ
ģֻʶյļ࣬¼
㣬ǰĽظʹá

    ˵һ취ȥ˶Բصԭʼݡǣڲ
ĹܼҽıʼǱԾȫյصԭʼݼʹ
йĻҲ޴Ӳ֤ˡ

    ǻ֤˵ع١19561958䣬
ءºJ.άһ𷢱ġλŮʿҲû
ģϵ¼ڲġͳ
ѧ־Ϸķ翴
صֱʣЩʶصΪЩǲԼдģ
ºJ.άֻǲصĻ1976꡶ʱļ
ϸΪλŮʿͲڡصһѧ֤
˵ǵû1930ص֡ǲص֧û
ҵ͹۵֤֤˵ĴڣҲûҵǳ֤

    صĴ󲿷ԺдġݺԼȥ
̲Թкӵ̣رĴ
вЩֿӡ1969꣬ʣ
˵ǻºͿάĲԡ

    һǣôķֿͬӣͬ
ӱֿǷǳġ1955Լ˵ҵ
21ǺܲѰģȻ11꣬Ŀ
1.5ûܹҵ˶ķֿͬӼ
о19221990йڷֿͬӵ
оȫĿǿﵽ53ԡ

    1961겮طһƪԵġ1978꣬
ߴѧԸϸķȷɡ֤
Ǹ30ǰߡ̺ͼĵ
ġ

    ʱǰ˹նФ׫дصĴǡ
ЩָؼΪŭѧ粻Ҫæ½ۡնФŲص
ͼڴлָȻо˲ص˽˼¼֮
նФı˿ò1979Ĳشг϶Բصָ
غܿǳġͬʱӢѧѧҲʽ϶١

    ˸ó䶨˰ɣ30Ȼϵд¡
ͼ֤صףѶԲٵָعΪӡ
ЩΪԩҪôǲصѧѧѧҪô
ӣź˵¡̸ߵ;һ˵λ
ȵȣΪر绤һǲоóĽѱ
˵о֤ʵŴضһ˵ߵشӰ죬
оҲӽ˵ݡǣȷĲ
ݾʵġǸĽݵģ
Ľʱȷġ

    Ȼⳡѧ֮һʼѱʶ̬֮Ҳ
ָɹʶˡǣԽʶ̬֮Ҳ˵
㣬ͬоóݶһҾȷС
3λһͿ϶رض٣ҪôԭʼݸڣҪ
ôص֧˵ںհ
ǰļթǣΪʲô˵ͼԵ
ǰδ㷢֣ӶʧȥɵĻᣬҪȵ
һǱרҵָأȻԺյߵѧ
λסͬУЩѧ۵㡢ι۵㶼ͬ
ͬУȻǰҲ˶Ĵǣȴûһթ

    ص֧ƣٵĻôͼ
øģڹھʱѧ
λߵ޼ɵӵͼ⻷£ȴ
ܹڲ֣ҲΪƱ硣¼Ҳ
ˮƽĵͼ̶Ȳ֤û١

2008.3.26.

ù۲챨2008.4.7

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

йƼѧʱԭ̬ӭӽѧˣ

ߣͷ

Ϊڽıƽѧġ㡱Уִѧ
йѧѧ񡱽ԭ̬ӭӽѧֵ
ΪΪڸôѧйѧԺԼʷͳȡ

ֹ۵Щˡ

ͷû˵ĸѧ˾Ƿˡ
˵һ£йƼѧ2005ӭġһڻҪȼꡣ

һ鲻Ҫ鵽һףǺǣֽСйƼѧƽ
ѧˮƽֽñA4ֽӡɴ71ҳ
ΪСţŵ顣

ֽܸǣйѧѧȡǡȫս
սʽͷԽѧӳ̶ڹʦѧ
طԺУ

ԡѧ磨һָ꣩еġʦ緶ָ꣩ΪУ
ʦαʼǵ11ֽ⵽񴦡´ѧУԺϵ
ಿšֶƶηֽⲢʵ˵Ǳƽѧ
ٳɷҪԭʵϣÿλʦзϡͳһ׼
ʦαʼǣҪҲֻͨٵֶΡѰʵǽҪר
ҼʦαʼǣԾҲֻһġˣǹƨԭ̬

ѧĸӽѧ廪ǰ״ѧ
ͬ˳ͬڽĶϴѧ20085·ӭӽѧ
˵УУ㽭ѧһҹߣͬǽѧ
ôءҹټвɲ᲼ýѧˣ
ɲڶ賿ڿƼɲͨȺڡϾΪЦ̸Ͼ
˶֪ˡ

˵طԺУʽǽģҲǵطģ
Ҳиʵ֤ˡ

ˣйĸѧУҲѻԭһڣҸ
Ϳ˰׷۵ѻð

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҿĸߵȽѧ

hedian

ڹһͨòͨĸУְѧУҲͨ˸ߵȽ
ѧ(¼)Ƕӣе಻Եĸо
Ҳӣ̸̸
Ŀ

˵ġ

һûбҪ

϶ģǹһ̣Ҳ֪Ĵѧû
ҾӦûУֻйĲһѡ

ĿǷȷ

ٴӱΪ˴ٽߵȽѧˮƽĿ
ȷġȻڲУһЩ˳ŴƤٹ˽һ
¡

ЧΣ

ڵĸУ˵ȷʵЧģЩЧǶڵģ
ģڼУ԰ɾˣѧʳûʳˣЩЧǳڵģУ
԰úˣѧʩ뱸ˣһЩѧ˵ȵȡȻ˻
˵ЩǲҲӦõģͻʽЧ˷Ѹ
ô˵ܹǱˣҲĳЩ˵ġٽɡ

ġ֯ʽ

Ҳ̫˽⣬ΪУһֱں̨רҵ
ûǰ漸ۿԿӦÿǽ쵼µ
һٷĻʵӦְתһõķ档Ȼ
õǣȫмСйĿǰ
ôԶ

˵ġ

һı׼

ڡйĸУ˵нġ
ίġʡܵġ()ܵģ˵ġ
ĵȵȣ˵о͵ġѧ͵ġѧо͵ģȻ
һЩ෽ͬĸУͲһڻʩԴγ
õȷ涼кܴĲ𣬶ϾһСԿ
ܵĵͲεĸУΪЩѧУ첻㣬ǫֻ̇̄ܶ
档ھĸУΪ̨Ӳǲ̫ġܼ򵥣
񱱴廪ЩѧУܺãеСë˭Ҳ
˱ӵŪͨġ



ܵѧУʦƵġΪЩݣʵǽ
ġ˵ѧıҵҪ黹˵ùȥѧҵҲҪһ
飬ͼֱǷ񾭡Ϊѧҵʦ󣬽ʦĺͷ
ѧʦûбѧҵȨѹ£٣Ҳ
ˡ

ʽ

׼ٹ˽ĵطˡΪõʽе(
ʲôط)ֹϵѧУȨּ
ѧУҲͼȥͽЩרҡԳԺȺǲ˵ˣ϶
(ȻҲǵ;˵)ЩѧУ쵼ǲʹģΪ
ׯ͸רңԼרˡ

ʵ˵ˣڣйѧĹƣ
£ٺõĶйζ

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

һѧĽ衪԰ѧʥһѧԺΪ

ʵ

ڵйûһдѧġϵġѧˣ
̸йһѧֻֽǡ̸ֽ
ɧ ѡΪйȻٲΪ裬ûΪ
йĽѿ˵ǿͽˣġ˶ľ
ڵйѾǵȻ޴ˡĽò˵ԭ
һʷ⻷ȿ͹صӰ죬ڶִ
߻ȵ漯ŵΪصĸš

ôʱйŻԼһѧأǵĹ۵һ
µļһѧĳӦйѾΪѧ뼼оǿ
֮ʱйѾΪѧȵıʶ֮һõΡ
ѧĻȷѧٳɳıҪͳҲй
һѧıҪͳйнǧūۻ⽨ʷ
ִϰȻάȨϣڡִİ족ϵ
״Ҫйһѧ·;ңԶʲߡ
ĴڲѡζԴѧĸţͶٶǮӹٶʩ
һҲǰ״ֻǣһЩ¥̡򡰻ƿ
(ûκαʩλڵ˼˶λܹȫְع
ǺģͬʱҲܾ)йĿǰҪ--Ӧ
ζԴѧĸ⣬ҴӿսʱڵȡõĳɾͣͿ
Եó(Ѿǵʱйڵһѧ)ʱ
ĹΪյ⣬Ӷ˶ĸţ䰴
ѧķչɽнţ˹ΪֹԽֵ


ѧʥһѧԺȥһѧڿ
ĴѧԼ˽ʥһѧԺһҪĽ(в֮
֪ʿָڴȱʾл)ͨʥһѧԺķչ
̣ﵽשãܹΪڸУĸĸ뷢չṩһ
õϢҲͺˡ

ִѧʥһѧԺϵѧ֮һ1591꣬
416ʷѧ1.1ˣֱӻӵ7λŵ
Ȼѧһ»䷢չͷ
СӡԱΪصͻԿѧоΪĵѧУչ
ı֤ѧУչ˲ŵ50ҵѧ
ʦ飬Ϊ֪ʶṩ˶ԪĻԴԴ
õʽ֧ȾǰõġġΪڹؼ򹮹̻ø
ĹʥһѧԺӴ˶ѧƺоȡ(ҪϢʥһ
ѧԺҳӰ)

1.  ʥһѧԺйĻ

ʥһѧԺõĹǽİ˸ɫѧȡù
ϵѧɹĻ֮ϵģԡѧͨѶϵͳ
׺ʿѧѧȾѧ֢Ŵѧ񾭿ѧ

2.  ʥһѧԺйоɹı׼

ˮƽоɹinternational peer-review רҵ
ѧڿ

һimpact factor journals ͸cited

õͶ״άƽ⣺ͶȵЧʱȽϸ

ڹ캽Աãڽѧѧо

3.  ʥһѧԺص㷢չ

ʥһѧԺ콢ͶѧоĻԺĹ漰ӴͳѧƵִ
ѧĶ򣬾ص㷢չͽоĻԺ

3.1. ʵԵ׽ṹ豸о (the centre for research on 
adaptive nano-structures and nano-devices)оԱȫѧ
ѧѧѧѧѧƣֹ̽ʺĻ

3.2. ҽѧо(institute of molecular medicine)ѧȫ
ѧﻯѧ΢ѧŴѧ;ѧصо⣺
ơϵͳԼ

3.3. 񾭿ѧо (institute of neuroscience)Ա漰
ѧ֪ѧѧѧﻯѧѧѧ
Ǵӷӵ˼룬ǰ񾭿ѧĺ

3.4. һ廯о (institute for international integration 
studies)оѧԾѧѧѧѧʷѧѧɡ
ڽ̺ѧҪоβøٷչͨѶϢֺ̽ͽ
͵ľúĻ⡣

3.5. ﳤ (the long room hub)Ƿչ׳ʥһѧԺͼ
ݵĿͨռصġмֵѧʷͨѧѧ
ռ԰֪ʶѧչо׵Ӣ
ѧѧ硢Ӱֵȵסʵ
дθкĻĹĿ⡣

4.  ʥһѧԺ2012깤Ŀ

İ˸ѧУȷеĲоΪͬһڵ
ͷ캽Ա

5.  ʥһѧԺĽѧоΧ

ֶȫıСɡУѧУչۣѧУǶ
ˣУ»ȫȨѧУˡšȸѧУ
ģʽΪȷ桢֤ѧУͷչȷԣѧУ»
Աа˴ѧͶߵĸȺĴȨѧУ
ճԱֻǴٽȷѧУܹ˳չĺڱϻ
Ա

Ϳѧо뿪ѧУȨĽǶ
ֵ̽غͿѧ֪ʶ¼ķԴءѧУӦֻǷǡ
һӦ֮˼롢֮ĺߺͿ޾
оָ̽ѧãӦػżѧ
Уֻȫᡢȫÿһλҹ𣬶Ƕĳһɡ塢Ȩ
ءȵ漯ŸȨԶѧУ

˼ѧɵɽۣ˰ٻšټ
Ϊÿһλѧͽʦṩ˿ɵѧϰоΪͷ
͹δĽܳѧҡѧҡʷѧҡѧҡҽѧҡѧҡ
ѧҡ˼ҡμҵȵṩ˸ӪɲŷΧ

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ϷĩΪʲôˮ翪

ߣ̷
  
Ϸĩ200841015߲ܺ¡ˮΪη
񡷺ܲ⣬̲סҪһ

ڽܼǹҵļȶ룬ˮǽܼԴ
ʵеİ취ˮվӵǼֻϦ
Ŭйҽĺ¡ܶΪʲôֺˮ

ܼоٵǳ滮޶ϡ֪
滮Ҫ޶ģΪ滮޶ٽн衣ÿ
̽趼Ҫ滮ƺͻӰ۵ͨˣȻ
ҲͿ޶滮пҪǵء

ܼ˵ͨйǺһ㲻40%ܼ
ˮܺˮһˮ˵ֿܹӰ
Ρˮ翪ˮȻعԭӵΪʲôֻܿ40%?Ĺ
ʹ֪ܶ෢ˮ翪ѾӽɣûлԾú
İַˡ

ܼ˵ˮ翪ŻûпЩ˵йĿǰ
ѾϿȼˮվΪβϸ۲о⼸̵ʵ
ȻܽᾭٶǷˮվҹ50
ѽ˰մɽķ롢÷ɽʷˮȺ°ȴˮ⡣
Щ̵ľѵѵܽҪȴϿҵμӹ롢÷
ɽˮĽ裬Ӧʱľԣˮ⽨ʱǶԵػһЩ
Ӱ졣Ȼʱƣˮɽˮʤˡ
1991ǾάҲɹʴӻϷ¡ʷˮȺӰ
ۣPost-evaluation of the environmental impacts of the Pi-shi-hang 
reservoir groupܽʷˮȺڷ顢ȹˮЧ
ˮĻӰ졣гֵ˵ˮȺЧ޴󣬶ԵصĹũҵ;÷
չشסˮ̬뽨ǰûԸı䡣ܼԼ
ˮ⽨ȥʷˮȺ°ˮȥһµ׻
ЩǱڵв

ܼ߻˵һιڡΪˮսĻˮܿǲ
ˮġˮ֮ˮԸá

ϣϷĩͲܼܹѧʶˮ罨ڽܼеã
ҪĳЩäĿĻʿӰ죬ɥʧϷĩڶеӰ

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ΪֹͳƵıѧȺ˳Ϯ



ΪֹĳϮͳ£

ԳȺܽĹʮһ滮̲ġϵͳ̡̳ѧ
2006ڶ棩Ϊ鹲400ҳҳʽϮ100ҳ
Ҵ󲿷ڳϮ 

Ըĵ¡豸ΪԼ60ҳиʽϮԼ40ҳ
ҳҴ󲿷ڳϮϮݹɸºݣǸ
ĺ½ڡ 

еŶͼƬ֪ܷվϣ漰豸䡱
͡弼СڣֻҪһ£ܿڸʽ
Ϯŵ˺̶ֳȡ

ֻǶԸ鳭ϮΪֹͳƳĽ׶֣೭Ϯ
ͳƴСջ漰ϮҳҳĿ¼гĳϮ
Ϣ

Ⱥϵͳ̲ĵĳϮͳƣ׸

˲ͣhttp://blog.sina.com.cn/antiplagiarism

ѰѳȺܽЩϮͽίѧίԱˡ
νĴ޷һζ̻Ӻûлȥ
оȻٱ˵ʲôҪѧдĲ淶ֿ
ǵĿƺֻҪ鸴Ʊ˵ݣͶǲ淶
˱˵ƷûôעԴǰΪϮʮֶȫ
ĿǰڱȵصŽڣҲΪΪֻǡ淶
ѡ

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

㶫ʡ´ְԵ˱

boot

㶫ʡ㶫ʡΪ˷ֹ㶫ʡְеŪΪƶ
صĽΪļԼЩŪٵˣǹ㶫ʡ´
ȻΥЩļ˱ӷ߿һǰʡݵȨŴѧ
Ϊйѧܻʲôϣ

㶫ʡ2007.6.4ˡ2007107ļ涨"һ 
ʸеĹ涨˷2004108š˷2006122ļһµģ
ļĹ涨ִС"

http://www.gdhed.edu.cn/msgshow.php?bk=hqfw&newsid=54331999f62a674a5e6521e75f3f5dee

㶫ʡ2006.5.25˷2006122ļ涨"ġ걨
Ҫ󣨶ʾڼܵٱʵģЧȡʸ
3ڲ걨"

http://www.gdrst.gov.cn/info/Information.asp?InfoID=200711130000000080

Щѧⱻʸ˸ûб㶫ʡ´ֹͣ
3Ĳʸ

05ͨʾԱ򿪸

http://www.gdhed.edu.cn/msgshow.php?bk=hqfw&newsid=e1154941cde6cf916d83b5d2b2741602

򲿷Աѧⱻʸ񣬾ʵͨԱΪ 

http://www.gdrst.gov.cn/info/Information.asp?InfoID=252201134165149641&keyword=ߵѧУ

ʸЩˣҰһȽϾһĿȻ

ЩʸԱļ涨Ӧֹͣ3Ĳʸ񣬵ǽ
Υڿ˵ʲôŪΪǾϢģҲ
˵ĺôǰȴЩʸԱ֤ͨ

http://www.gdhed.edu.cn/msgshow.php?bk=hqfw&newsid=ee75c2e47c836e1751c2cb32ddd50807

2007ΪѧвԱʸЩ""Աעˣ
ǲҪ¹㶫ʡ㶫ʡļ涨ЩļĿĹ
ֻǸԴǲҪ"Դ"һҪ
һһԲμ󣬺οǰôΪǵİ
ᱣǡ

λҪעⱣļЩӱԺϻᱻɾ

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

עһйѧԺ˼ƻһλѧ

ã

ע⵽һλйѧԺİ˼ƻѧͽڣо˺ܶǮ
ƺгɾͣʵpubmedϲѯȴûмʲô¡Ҳû
иоʲôġϸѯһ£ƸйѧԺоԺ
ϵĸΡ

Ҽ⣬⡣ٲѯļƻ
ýˣ֪ʲôɿˡ

ͬʱ˼ǣƻӦȫְĹɣȴ׶ҽƴѧ
ĹͥҽѧѧԺԺҲ֪ǷʣҲ֪ǲ
ְλĹʡ2003Ȱ  

http://science100.gucas.ac.cn/Intro/elt210.htm

Ժܵӣ

http://www.ccmu.edu.cn/gongweixueyuan/20060529/article/2007-09/10194.htm

2003йѧԺ˼ƻѡʸԱͽڣλйѧ
ԺоԺͬʼ2004ꣿ
pubmedϲ鵽£
1PMID: 16524674 
2PMID: 18022788
ƪ˺üλһλ׶ҽƴѧͬʱƪԵѧ
ܵɡ׶ҽƴѧͥҽѧѧԺĽܿһ
Xiao RǲʿʦڡԺԺͨѶߡ

ӣhttp://www.china-b.com/zixun/lddxx/zixun_101848.html

ԿͽпԺѧϵĳɼȻæ863973
Ȼѧҿѧ (NSF)ĿΪʲôôĿȴû
зأ

NSFCĿ
30771193/C011005 hCLP46"CpG island"׻ģʽԹCD34+
ϸֻ
30472000/C03031906 MDS-AMLCD34+ϸ쳣»Ŀ¡֯
鵰׵Ĺо

NSFĿ1215 GHB 193

863ĿӦ׶ҽƴѧõģο
http://www.ebiotrade.com/newsf/2006-11/2006113084617_9.htm

973ĿͲ֪ˡ

⻹һ˼רҵʲô

£ר[ר1༱ֲװ
йרţZL03211977.12һͼƱţ
200510068037.6

ο
1

http://www.ccmu.edu.cn/gongweixueyuan/20060529/article/2007-09/10194.htm

2http://yjs.ccmu.edu.cn/ds/zrbd.asp  
ʦ--[׶ҽƴѧͥҽѧѧԺ]ȫҽѧв
ͳѧңۣȻ˫ϵʦйѧԺȺŴѧ
ĵʦ

ֻϣǵİ˲ĺй˰˵Ǯ


http://school.freekaoyan.com/beijing/cpums/dongtai/20060927/32143.shtml
ԿͽڻǰĴþǾ˵ɲãʱ
ƨˡ

йѧԺоԺӦżˣҲӦðæͨˣ
ƨ˺׷100飬ܾ䵽оԺˡ

һͨ˰

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

˭ӣ˭ѧֵͬķ

ߣƷ÷ʥ

ѧϰѧʦĶĿ¼ġѧ¼
ŷاġѧ¼ơźܶѧϰѧ
ѧоѧѧΪĿУǲϣ
顣

Ƚİ汾Ϣϸг

ѧ࣬ߵȽ磬199911µһ棬200311µ
棬20072µ棨ǵڶ棩

ѧا࣬ѧ磬20051µһ

ȷѵۣڷɳ½гԱȽϡڡ
һУʮ¡ɵ뷨ɳ㽭ѧѧڡЦ׫
дĽݣֱǣ

12.1 ɳ
һɳһص
ɳķ
Դ뷢չ

12.2 Ҫ
һ
Ҫ

12.3 ɳĵλֵ
һɳԶ
ɳڼֵ

12.4 ڷɵе
һɳԷΪĵʽ
ɳԷõ
ɳ


ڡŷһУʮ¡ɳ廪ѧڸ׫д
ݣֱǣ
13.1  ɳ
һһ㷨ɳص
Դ뷢չ

13.2  
һֻռҪλ
ʶ˼ά
ֱ۵Ĺ
ġĽ
塢ʽ

13.3  
һɳԷΪĵʽ
ɳڷõ
ɳ


ţͿԴſڽṹϻһ
ģжһڡɳĵλֵ롶ŷȶԺ󣬸
ݻΪУͬȸߴ80ϡ

һڣˡŷһֵĵȻΣڶ
ɳķࡱΪУͬ

ڶ

ڶ֡ҪءΪУϸԱȡŷ
ָòϵԡŷ㡰ֱ۵ĹвֵĲȡŷ
˵㡰ʽԡ͡ŷĵ㡰Ľ桱µĵһ
Σ˰ѱ⻻ˣѡŷеġʶ˼άΪ
ʶĽ桱Ϊ桱ͬ

 ΪУ˶ԡ

Ľ
һֱȡŷһ֣ȻΣ62֣
ָͬд硶ŷֵһ䡰ɳŷķ
ҪáΪɳ500ķν
Ҫá

ٱȽڵעͣŷע27ע38
ͬ20ദԱȫһ£硶227ҳһעͣ
Ľ棬עͬΪ°Ҳ⡣°
еķ˱ֺͬʱҲֺ棬˹˴
ߣζųͻһ롣һֲ

ͨķŸλѾˣ֪λܹҿ
˭ӣ˭

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

пԺȴũҵ̬оֺоӥƪһͶ

ʿã

ҷпԺȴũҵ̬оֺоӥ 
ƪһͶ

1  ͥʪ̬οо  ӥ   
 Դг-20035
2 ͥʪ̬οģʽоӥ   ԬҢ  
ԴƼ-20034

1 2 ݻһ

3 GISĺʡ̬ۺоӥ   õ-2005
5
4  GIS֧µĺʡ̬ۺ ӥ  Ƶ  ˮ
ѧ-20045

3 4ݻһ

5  ʡ̬÷䷢չо   ӥ    õ
-20036
6  ʡ̬÷䷢չо  ӥ     ˫  ̬
-20034

5 6 ݻһ

7  ʡذȫɳ̽  ӥ  ѫ   ȴ
-20033
8  ʡذȫ̽֡ӥ ֱ   ũҵϵͳ
ѧۺо20041

7 8 ݻһ

9  ʡ̬仯뾭÷չϵо  ӥ    
Ϣѧ-20035
10 50ʡ̬仯о  ӥ    õ
-20045
11 ʡض̬仯оӥ  Ժ  
ѧ-20041

9 10 ݻһ119,10 󲿷ͬ

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ݸĿҽľ𣿣7

ֶ

ܱ

ֳšأΪܡ˵ֽ
ɽܱΪ绯ܡȷ

ζԴ󺮣ж
ЧΡʳֻн⵷󣬿ιۣѪ
ֹʹаܻܱ࣬ֹа
봫˵ࡷأ̫ƽõһֻ
⿣˯弴ΪѪˮֻʣͷھӻı
ģ浽ٸ֪ػ͢Ѷȡһֻǰһ
ƣȻøԣصηҲΪѪˮԩ˽ᡣ

ժ˽ΪժС˵Ļʹˣ
С˵ҲֻǶ׫һЩݾҪĻʬۣҲֻǶʬõģ
ΪС˵ٻǴһ롣ԡݸĿ
ʱ䣬α༭ʱճ磬390-391ҳԭ
ǲûжмΪǾġݸĿû
пݸĿҲмΪݸĿҽľ
ݸĿҽľѵҽľ

ʲô˵ҽ˵й˼ǧǻ۵Ľᾧ˵Ҳ
ҽûʸҽ˵ҽα꣬ҽα˵ҽ壬
ҽעؾֲʾ˺ܶ߰㲢ҷ޳ĶĻ
й˼ǧǻ۵ĽᾧҲŮ⽨רƵĻЩ˵
ҽα꣬ҽα˴󲿷ֶͬʱҽҽ޲ֶмҵ
Ծֲһ㶼˽Ϳ԰ĻйԽԽĻ
㻹ΪҽִҽѧеĿѧĻĻǶ˵
ģҲٶ˷Ѽʱڿƪˣҽأһ
Ҳо꣡

ǧĴǺܳģҽҲ⣬Բط̫
תʶӦǴ࿪ʼ˼ʱʶģĴ
ʶ1000000ˣסִʶʱһǧ
һǧڼġ롰ꡱҵĶ𼲲ԭΪ 
ɵ֢״ƻΪꡱҽһֱǿ֢ҩ
ģҽġϻġ֢״Ҳ֪Ĳ򵽵ʲô
ϻ𡱡ж
http://www.xys-reader.org/blogs/fangzhouzi/2006/10/23/aeoeascaeaecaeaz
aae/Դ˿ϸȾϵͳɱȾϸʱ
ҽǺް취ģɳԷҲûãҽ֪ĲϸȾ
ġֻܸɸɡɳԷֲ˿ڸβˡꡱ
ʶҪԹľֲһʶҽġ͡硱
ѧ˵ǶԾֲʶĲģڵҽǿʼ
ָˣʲôࡱָơҽҪǿѧĻӦ
ִѧʵϸ飬Ȼҽ˿˵ȴǲִҽѧ
׼ҽȻһҽ˿˵ģҲһ
ţ֪»ġ

֪ǹԼһҩֻһ֣ءȻ
صķ롶ݸĿйأݸĿԼҽжű
ʹõȴǲصݣè̫ӡ
˷뻰
http://xys.dxiong.com/xys/ebooks/others/education/misc/shijieyiliu2.txt

http://xys.dxiong.com/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia8/zhongyi1083.txt
ҲЩҩȷʵЧҶСǸҩȷʵжģ
νҩֶҽǶҩ˵ģǵĴ󲿷ҩҪ֤֮
ʹõģǧľҲǼǧĴ

ǶԡݸĿ۵һɡ

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ǸζԴҩ

ߣܲ

ǵǰ˾һƪ˿ϵ£ҽҩ
ر˵ҪרһҩΪɸѡѡҩǷбҪԵ⡣ƫƫ
ǴҩзС꣬رȤⰡ֪˾
ҲûˣҶЩʧ

ַ֧ҽҩҶҩĴǳֿ̬ȵġΪҩӦû
һ⣬ȻıöࡣзҩõĻ⡢
΢﷢ͲȵһҩҲΪһʵʵڵĿ⣬ض
ѧģɸѡҩ޳ɲҩȷҩЧģȻ
ͣƸ̳ϵĺܶ˵Ĺ۵ǲһµģûᣩ
ҩǷЧĳЩЧɷӦǿȷģҲΪ
ɸҩĿǰʵвٴҩȡĻֳһҩЧ
еճΪҩУĿǰĳЩҩȻδЧٿ
ΪҩɸѡṩһЩԵģڸ׵ɸѡҩˣ
ҽҩоṩһЩ鲢룬ҩҩѡȡƵȵȣ
Ӧҩз

ȻɸѡѾܳΪҩˡǣΪǱ
ԴҩǵǰҲƵĹ۵㣬˵ʹҩɸѡֱ
ӴƱЩҩֲȵҲɸѡҲ޳ɣ˭
ҩأ״ҩɸѡӦøڵõ֧֡Ҳ޳
Ĳ֣ҩĴпܲµĻ߶Чɷֽһ
ȵĸ

ȻڵҽоܹӦִѧģҩ
ɸѡоֱҩӦһ޴ĸĽɡʵҲ
δطҪִѧģͣҽָģҲаֻҪõҩ
ҩִܹҽѧĿ飬кβءܹȷеƼ
ǲǻɷǲкβأ

ˣΪĿǰԴҩзԲȡһΪݵ̬ȣ
ҩоӦáִѧҽѧɹоΪ
ǹСѧоͳ˲Ԥأȡÿѧɾ͵ķҲ
ͬеǹеѭ򽥽ܹõЧҩҲ
ɣֻҪϰҩеĹأǲҩġ

˵ҽȻͨϾЩβ˵ľڣȻЧʲ
øߡΪЩԸҽȽ֮ĿҽܺùЩΨ
ͼĲҽɣܹŽǿⲿӦûڸҽ״
ɡҽ״ʮֲĵйǲҲΪһͨİ취أ

˵ô࣬ϣܹڲƫѧĻϣ飬
뷨ܴǳλָ㡣

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҽ۵Ļ



ҽѧԵۣνѾáڶѧ߶뵽ⳡ
֮УҡҸ˵ĽǶȴԹζ
ôйҽ۵£̲סһΪ졣

ҽĿѧԣʵۣδӿѧҲδѧ
Ľ࣬δϿѧ£һôܳΪѧأ
ҽҲܳΪѧĻǵ˲˼ˡĻԨԴ
ҽҲܹԡѧͷΣôװԡ
ԿɳΪѧˣ

ҿҽܳΪѧйĴͳĻûпѧʹȻ
ΪǵĻûСѧ֣ǵĹ˳Ҳδγɿѧ˼ά
ϰߣڣصġѧ硰ѧȣй
УҲ˲Ū𡰷ǿѧαѧİϷӿνʤö
١ڲѧǱоˮ͡
ٵѧ߹Ĵйѧйѧ˲˼ǣ
֡ǿѧαѧǵĹгԭĻʹȻ

ˣҽǿѧ嶤ֵۣҽǿѧ۵⵽
˵ķԣҲȻΪ֡ԡҽǿѧ۵Ķ
ڡȫŷƺԩһЩˡ
Ļ˼άԣǡ֡

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

Ϊҽ

־

Ŀǰǧ򻽵ҽķûƿͷӵġҽҩ
ҫġҽҩ˳ҽơȴĶȻҡ
ǽͷöһͷûͨŴѧ
Գǲˣô˼ҾΪһΣΪλָһ
Σ˵ҲӡŹҫһʷģҾһ
Ϊһгӹ

ΪҽӦּ𡢷ֲζԴҵǣһҽ
ҩǵĹҪ֣ʲôϳȻǱҪѭ
ϡΪԭ򣬹ľͳƲˣڶҹԱǹ֮ӢԾӢ
ʿһҪӢذ֮Ӣܹ֮屦Ȼҽ
ԱΪҽĵȺ壬Ӧˮ¥̨֮㣨вٸ߼ְҽΪҽ
ҩģܿܿ׶ó
ҵ֮г

ҵĹͽ֮ͣ䣬Ҳðҳ
ˡ

һҽƱϿ֣ͨΪ𿨡л񹲺
ܳҽҩгΪȫߵԺУ
л߼ְϵ֪ʶӣ𿨳߳⣩ͨĴ
⣬ܲҽҩʩĹ涨𿨣ΪҹԱ
ҽĸ߼ְƵ֪ʶӣտĴ⣬ȫ
ҽҩ

ԾӢײޱȹذ֮ӢҲ˾Ӣ
ΡΪȵҩ(ǲۺ죬Щɶ
ûоϸ֤ģ֪ǲá޶Ķ)

ҽҩҽҩļ۸Ҫʮʮϰٱǣ
𿨲Լϰײʿֲں⼸Ǯġҽҩ
ûʽŵĺ֮ǣԸõΪӢ񣬿Ըõİ
屦ŷЩʶҴ֮ǰҫ

岻ѵͶ룺600ûӵķ֧
ӦСʮտûԼķáһѰǲ
Ѱ㣿

ģסĳЩ˵˵죺ҽùʱ׼˵£˵ҽ
ҩ£ѹҩСǹҵĹԱ
ҽҵľӢԾԸΪΪѧλʲô
˵ģ

壬Էɻ򷨹ķʽǿмġָϡߡרҹʶ
ɡðʹΡðÿҩȵƵĻ
ȥžΣ˷ǮƵ鷢

ϳҽѧƽ׶ҽҩ˶ʿʿҽҩ
ѧ˲ŷΪӢṩ߲εķ

ߣ벻ˡӭ䡣

󣬱ķ֪ʶȨκ˶͡

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

Ůҽʽо



ǵŮʱǼҵӳ⣬ЪԻӵ
Ůÿÿڳֻʱ֣ɳϱһ࣬Сһ
ܽˣˣɳϱ¾ָܻǣ
Сһﲻٿ֣ÿεӳֻʱһվɳ
ΪԺ뵽ҽҽƺͲ֮ϵ
ʽ̲סЦ

ʷ̥ݣҲ˼뷢չʷҲڸݡֻ
ܶ˵߼ͬĺӡ 

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ĻʱĹƬ֡طϵ֮18

Ѱ

ն١Upton Sinclairһλôᶨߣ
˵ǡһиûߡһ
ḻʣͶ˶Ҳʵ
ԶѧȡõĳɾͣѧϵĳɾֵС˵
ĸı䣬1942ġDragons TeethӮ߽
С˵ȴǡƬ֡The JungleⲿС˵˵
ڵ࣬ȴػ˶ӡ

1878920ճݵİͶĦĸĸ
ϷĹ壬游ϷӵĺϽһˣ
ӦûϧҪƣʱ̫ҪԼƷƣƷöˣ˾
ҵѸ˥䣬˸ԣݡϷʧܶԲǰ
˼ϵĴɾƹĲ10ʱȫƾŦԼ
ԼҺ游ĸݼȴȽǮʱ游ĸһ𣬺
ΪӦƶʹΪһߡ

ֱʮʱŽѧУѧϰǰڼɢԸĸĽ
˵ʱĶɢĽϼͥƶ
˵ʲôϵͳѵѧԺݾͺܿչֳˣ
ʱѧ˰˸꼶Ŀγ̣ʸѧˣԭͣڰ
꼶14ʱѧдһƪ̹ˡArgosy
һݷϴ־25Ԫ15ʱŦԼѧԺڵŦ
ԼдѧϵͳǰһѧԱ1897ҵױ
ǴѧѧϰɣܿͷˣԭдǮ
ãڸ߷ʱڣÿҪд8ǧ֣һд죬ÿܿ40Ԫ
൱ڵ850Ԫ

мǿΪ嶯ĳ̶ֳϣ϶Ŀ
˵һƼʽսʿԼ벢Ϊ֮Ŭܶǰ
⣬ɹ⡣1900ԼλһѧҵλãҲ
֪˭˵ΪѧһҪдС˵ȻҲͬ
۵㣬˸߱дһͷдС˵ġ֡ٴ
ƶΪ顣

19004Լ뿪ԶһСݣ
ĵһС˵Springtime and Harvestдڼ䣬Meta 
Fullerĵһǰ飬ĳ̶ֳϳΪС˵̣ͬ10
Meta飬Macmillanͽĸзĸ
꣬MacmillanԼҳ̶ԷߵΪɾܾ档19011
Ǯѳ˸С˵ӡˢ1000ڸɱ
Ժ޽࣬ǰĴѾרעڵһС˵ʱˣ˺
ĥ־Ľ׶Ρ

ɥʱһFunk & Wagnallsĳ̿
С˵ԸKing Midas棬۳2000ֻ΢棬
ŻָˣٴεҰ֧񣬿ĽӼãʼĵ
С˵Prince HagenһдջҰֻȸ
DavidĳڶӳĸӽˣҪҵһݡ
ȥ档ŴѧѧڶĸԣݣҪһݡ
нߵĹһ㶼ѣܾṩĹ19035´޶
ƾӵ˹ٲԶһũһյأٴͷд

ڡƬ֡ǰȺ岿С˵ҵĽǶ˵
ǺܳɹȨ治Ϊһṩ㹻ã
òĴǮܶʱ򲢲ɹһϵгԣ
ˡǱ񡱣Ҳ㷺ͬѧｨϵ

ƶĸͬΪһߣ1904
嵳SPASocialist Party of America19059
ĳ£ҽܿˡ׶ءʦ˹ޡ
ĸҸ˹齨ˡѧЭᡱISS
Intercollegiate Socialist SocietyθϯΪ弰
չ

20ͳҲͬһΪƣ塢
塢봫ͳʱ嶼ڳṩ𰸡ʵԴ
ͬһ˼ʱķ񶨣ֶмĲͬ
ֶΣѰº͵ظĸҲвģʹñ
ֶδﵽĿģ౩߶
ڰṹɢ飬ʹñûơӪһ
ܿСԡAppeal to Reasonĳ̶ֳ൱SPAĺࡣ

1904֥Ӹ׳˰չ򡶺ԡ־ģ
ʧܵİչ˲ҪҪڳԶ棬־ߵĻӭ
־༭Ϊ˽׼൱ڡūWage 
SlaveryԶӦԽǰĺˡȨūChattel Slavery
־WaylandΪṩ500ԪǰһԸڴһ
ūС˵־Ϸڷ󲻾ҵMacmillan
ƻҲõ500Ԫǰڸǻʦ
Savage1000Ԫԭһ׷ӣ

190410£֥Ӹ磬׹˵ʵص飬Ӵ
Ernest Pooleһң˵һ仰ǣ
ãд͹˶ġɽķСݡˣ 
ȷһɽķСݡȴΪ͹˶
֥Ӹɷõ7ڣӴ˴ĹˣԱļԱ
ŵĹԱԼ͹˶ߣռ˴ϣ
ص˹ٵļпʼд

ʷǹչģ֥ӸоʱAdolph Smithһ
λҽѧ־ļҲڵ׳ļӹ״̬Smith
Smithϵ·ڡҶϣԶС˵
Ӱô

ͣ£ͬʵĸ
ĥʹ㵹ÿһҳУڵؿһ
׳˼ͥС˵ʵǹԼͥĹ¡19052
25գƬ֡ĵһ³ڡԡ־ϣ8ÿ
ܷһ£ʢľдٶȡԡ־2030
߷˸С˵İ汾

Ƭ֡˹Լ˹JurgisһũΪ
һĴ˵бزƸסԼδ
ްǣOnaһֻ֪һӢĵʡChicago֥Ӹ磩
ԭΪǿ׳Լ˹һ˹Һڣʵǲ
ģС˥ĸ׶òȻֻüٵнꡣ

ǿ׳Լ˹׳ҵһݹ17.5һСʱʱ
൱һͼ͹ɢأ˾ʱгǧϰٵ͹ȴ
ĳԹڲμӹƸӦϤ׳
쿪ƸᣬʱˣΪ˾Ҳʱˡ׹˾͹Ӧ
ԶʱȻ˵Ҫեɹ˵һѪ
Լ˹͵νġŶӡSpeeding up the gangϵͳۣ
˾ԱŽϸߵнˮֻϢȻͣزдʹ
мٹﵽÿһ˵ļޡȻ˲һֱּ޹
Чʣһ˥ˤϾʧȥݹͷϵſȥ˽
ѹǿԼ˹ʱҪ7ȵҹ1㣬
18СʱΪȵţȺϵ׳аСʱĹᣬ9
ֵǮ

ͻʱµıܰȻҲ
ŵϵָءԼ˹һʵϿֱũ꣬ȱʳ
ľشǡҽӱŬI will work moreȻ
ʱгʵԼ˹᣺˶ӵĹ
εҵթƵĳ٣Լ˹ļͥء
ȫ˹ȴԲͨһƷӣǮ൱ڰ
ˣдǷծΪ˻ծԼ˹ƴȴŤ˽ţӰ
˺ӣһ ŰΣգ˺Ժ˹Ƿ
ϳȥɻã⵽ͷ裬Լ˹ʹ˹ͷ
ѲҲʧ㱻ڼȱ䵽
ũ̹ص֥ӸҲֻͷ򼰴㹤Լ˹
ĻŹ˺ϤΧκˣֻҪһȨթ
ĶԱ١졢Լͷ

Լ˹ƶʵܵ弰͹˶˾֧
Լ˹Ϊŵߡ

Ƭ֡עĿ׳ӵĻԼ
ΪʳƷСŷ
˻ıܾܵùֳľɰͣ˽϶Ȼ
ٰװʳãҲ䵽ϵ飬մ࣬˽ŲЬ̤
˴гǧ˸˾Ŀ̵ϣҲװжڵĲַĴ飬
ӷ©ĻˮͳˢǧˣЩַ̫
Щһѣֶʺᣬ
ϰжǣȻǻȻδ
Լѷŵͻһ϶ɲЦĵ˵ѱ
Ƴ˼ʹһֻҲȥһֻ
󣬽ԭﻹиΪĵĶ

ĵĻй˵ĴУŷ
֣˹ͷ⣬壩ȫDurhamҶͣDurhams Pure Leaf 
LardȥˡDurham鹹һ׳֣Կ
ʱ֥ӸOgden ArmourĻİ汾һλδ
鸾ŮڳˣСӤǰ׵ţƳȥˡ
ǰʱʳƷڵҲòȥʧʳӹ
ǰҲ˵ҵһλóͬѧò̸һЭ飬
ڵڶƷͷзɳרƷжҳɳǼ
ôϵľ˵ˡ

Ϊ˶ӵֶΣָʳƷװװҵ
սУɱʿ˵ӵɱҪ

Ƭ֡ıʻһ仰˵Ե߳İ汾Ӽ
Ĺ˵̣ȱ϶׳Ķӻ빤
ӵĲ䷳ϸдټʳƷװҵָʹ֮
Ǳڵķ̰ϣⲿС˵ҲһǰС˵ͬˣ
190510¡ԡ־WarrenӦۺ½ڣ
һʱ˯ˣܺWarren114־ϵʾ
Ƭ֡28Ժ½ڲٵǳȤ༭
ȡ༭Ըⵥͺ½ڡн˵Ʒ
ļԺǿҵĽ˴ʲ׼Ŀֻţ
κ⵽ٷ۵ѹֹͣǡǳĻ֪

ȻWarrenҲûȤͬΪС˵
档һˣԤ500ԪMacmillanҲ˳ƻ
һλۼ˵һΪע֯ϵб߳Ŷ
˵İ߳ŶԸнײĺޡMacmillanûжƶ
нһѹȣûҪ˻Ԥꡣϵڶ
ȫ޹ա

ȡһС˵ȡж˲ӡӡڡ
ԡ־1118ǳ棬ӪĶһر棬Ϊ
Sustainers Edition򶯶ߣ߶Ӧ
һִĹūС˵ð潫ǾװӲƤֻ1.20Ԫ
һڳɱĻá

ر沢̫ɹȻӡر5000ҵ
19051216ٴڡԡ־ϸʾһ
ʾ14ֻյΪ972Ķܹ֧ƽȥԶ
ǧ˸ȤӦÿȡDoubledayPageӡˢ˾ͬĹؼ
֮һ

Doubleday, Page˾һλMarcossonطˡƬ֡
żֵҸù˾ϰҲعʳƷӹװҵĳ񣬹˾ɳԼ
ʦС˵ж׳ָص׼ȷԺ19061ͬ
ǩ˳ͬMarcossonΪС˵Ĺؾ
вݣԭ36ɾΪ31£Ĺ˵̱
ˣϸҲüˣĸ൱֮һ
MarcossonɫƬ֡һҹ֮ߺ죬Ƭ֡
ҲƵ߶ۣΪ롶ķСݡ
Ʒ

Marcossonɫûо۽ע͹˶ߡ
ūǶӵװʳƷƬ֡ܵȫĹע˹
ͳĶ֥Ӹ׳ʼͨţ315յ
ṩ˳ҳۣ˷۵ʢѧɾͣ
׹档˹ͳɳĵũҵԱɣũҵ
зչũҵҵΣθʳƷҵںܶʱ
ǳͻģΪԳɶѣԱָǹ⾫ĵ
ʵΪũҵԲѵĹԱǿԼķһ
ũҵĹԱȻδ˵ͳ˹ɳ˵ڶ飬ɷũҵĹ
Աɣڰ׹ʱͳ飬òؾܾˣһ
δʵϵԸΪһϵĵ
ԱΪάԼȻǿҵ֧Լָصԣ

Ƭ֡˾޴ᷴ죬ͬͬʱӵ
ʵһ𣬶Իʢٵǿѹ˹ͳȻ
ĲŻƷϲֿξߵѹ414գ
˹һݽ֮һݽУˡҷѧҡ
MuckrakerһʣЩ߲ضȤֻǳҪ
Ѱ棬ֻͷҷ̧࣬ͷ졣˹˵ؼ
ȥɣʱҡ

װװҵȻҲǳصģOgden ArmourȻûз̰ϣ
ҵǹֳ־ϹС˵ʹӪ
Ҳ󷽲ȣһλElbert Hubbard˼ҳЦƬ֡Ƿ
Ƕǻ۵裬˵ʳƷװ̰Hubbard¸ӡ
ȫʼģӰһݡ

ڶֹΪԼ롶Ƭ֡չ˷
Hubbard棬Ogden Armourս־͸ҷ̰
ļʵѧرColliersEverybodysThe ArenaThe 
IndependentȱϷĽ¶׼ӹװҵܡ
ȫʳƷ̵˶ҵȡڡƬֻ
ʵ𣿡һУǲС˵Ƕ֥Ӹ׳ȫʵдգ΢С
ϸڶʵģС˵ҵѧоû

ȻؼΪྻʳƷҩƷУǰ
Ƭ֡Ϊ˷ƶ˼ã64գ˹ͳĵڶ
ı淢ˣ֤ʵװװҵָأ19066
30˹ͳǩPFDAԼǿ˶׼ӹҵļܡ

Ƭ֡о޴Ӱ죬ΪӮ
19ĩƬضѾũҵˣ׼ӹװҵ
ѾΪúĲҵˣ˵ĲƷԶŷޣӾŷӦ
ҵľŷޱص˵ȻڼһʳƷֱָ
صС˵ǻһ׼ӹҵȻϤİƣЧ
ȴ˴ЦֹߣƷϲ̫ϲЭ̵Ĺ
ϵǲ·Doubleday, Sage˾ϰDoubledayϲƬ֡
Ϊ̫˵̣עϸԽܣҲϲʱ
ŷ޳Alfred HarmsworthȨҪŷ޷УDoubledayܹ
׼ܾʱһԳOgden Armourʦϳˣûн
սȥ׼Ͽظ̰ܵDoubledayİ칫ңArmour
DoubledayͲҵDoubledayԸڰơ
Ƭ֡ķУһΪ֮棬ArmourDoubledayǩһ޴к
ĹͬŭDoubledayóǷݰȨ󣬵ǩ֣
Armourʦ齫ܿŷ޴СºDoubleday˵λʦȻ
Ϊʲôȱµ˵Ȼ㲻ΪʲôܶࡰС¡һЩ˲
ޱߵķŭȱһ鶫Զ˻ǿ鶫
ķӦ

ܸЦǣλ˴ܴʶľ޴ҵֵ
¶ʳƷӢۣ㿪ʳƷӹϵĲƷ۸ӱܶ
óȥҪϻ쳧ϵ߼룬
30ԪĹɷݣ൱ڵ6Ԫòһϳ
šһΪܶĶʿǾͲȫˣ
ΪƬ֡ĳɹѾȱǮˣûȤⷽһ
׷

Ƭ֡1906ȡ˼ɹ۳15ң
17ԣȫ˺Ҳٰ棬1914걻
ĻʱӰϧûƬˡƬ֡ѧʷ
롶ķСݡо޴ӰƷĿе
ƼƷ֮һƬ̸֡ϼʹҲ˾̫
ڷ߿ϲҲܶ࣬ȤĿԴһĶı
http://www.online-literature.com/upton_sinclair/jungle/ Ǹд
31°棬36µԭʼûеıЧѰϵȡ

Ƭ֡ԴΪ˹˻Ĵܵ
ĥѣںɾĵİ汾ȥԣܾĻ
ĿΪʲôҪԭΪƬ֡й뱾ʹ
õġڹ1984ѧФǬģ2003
Ƽ湫˾Ӣհ棬Ƕǲþ31
°棬λ档

İȨEaglewood, New Jerseyչ
ʵ飬߽һΪHelicon Hall߳ΪHelicon Home 
ColonyĹͬейǰζʮסһ
ΨһĹԢշѵģϻʱʽ׼
1000ɣÿ100Ԫʵֻ230ɣռ160ɣĹ
ĴAnthony ArthurڡRadical InnocentUpton Sinclair
ΪHelicon Hallġɳʡʵʹм˦ƹζ
ɳʡһʾǸλþ
£һ¥˸ɾһƵ⣬˶ӳ
ˡ˵ûĹɶⱾӡ֤˸ԡ

ʵ̵ӡ󣬲
Meta˵ѽ̫ˡԼһڵ
ҲΪһγɹľǡһлŵ
ѧ·˹

ڵHelicon HallϰʱSPASPANew 
JerseyĹԱѡˣæдġ硱ûл
뾺ѡֻͶƱ24ǧƱ750Ʊڵһսڼ䣬
֧սSPAҪɲ1917722
Chicago Sunday TribuneϷĹ˵һս19201922
SPAѡ˵ڼݲᾺѡ˲٣
ǰơ1926SPAĺѡ뾺ѡݳֻ46ǧ
ƱʤѡĹ͵ѡȡ815ǧƱ1930ٴβѡݳ
Ҳֻõ΢Ʊ193391գٴηSPA
ͨµŬӮݳΪݳ
ѡˣһӮ˽88ѡƱƱ37.6%͵ĺѡӮ
48.7%ѡƱδӮݳλãġμƶ
˶EPICEnd Poverty in Californiaȴλµѡݳʷ
öࡣ

һڶ࣬ΪһߵƷ
ֱ˵ؾϡHelicon HallԺĶӷʽ
ĳĳԣְҵңΪ壬Ϊٽ
²һľԼڶ
ߵŬ׼ӹҵΪ֯ĴӪ2050׹
˵Ĵй˽ײǰéΪϵ𽥶񻯣һ
Ƕ˵ĿҲֵʵ֣Ȼȫ
ע˽׼òһԶһĴ컨ȴʱ
ĸĹΨһһˣʵߣ
ܿˡ׶أ׿֣˹Լ·˹
ıȡòʷɾ͵ġȨ̶ܴ
ǿġͬȴڹĴӪй
ȫˣʵڶ߼ʹİȨòϣ
Ī˹ϲ㣬㼸¬ôҲֻʹá

żḻһ봿Զϵ
ݴĹԹϵϳʽ̬
ȣԼĻϵϲͣΪԣвûΪķĹ
ŮԵζΪڸʳƣΪ칦ܱ
飬ܳЦȱ㣬һŶظԭˣΪ
88Ϊ׿ԽصƷʵʵڵļ֤
ͶƱ

һΪȼƼʽսʿ˵ɹ
⣬ʷ

͹͡

ͼһ

ͼ緢µ־֮һ1897

ͼӴһMeta

ͼġչ˲ͣض

ͼ塢ӡ桰Sustainers Editionҳ

ͼDoubleday, Sageĵһ

ͼߡڶٰ

ͼˡİ

ͼšĻ

ͼʮ1906ӹ

ͼʮһӹ

ͼʮ

ͼʮţ˹

ͼʮġ׳ֳƸ

ͼʮ塢վһԴţԱϸԲ

ͼʮƭ

ͼʮߡвǿȼ빤ᣨ򲻸ߡԼ˹ܾˣ

ͼʮˡؽҽΪ

ͼʮšϸҲ

ͼʮһںа

ͼʮһ˺Ҫǩ֣10Ԫ

ͼʮҲ֮

ͼʮHelicon Hallı¯

ͼʮġڶMary Craig1913飩

ͼʮ塢׿֣1923

ͼʮ߽ġݡ

ͼʮߡѡݳ

ͼʮˡĽڡƬ֡顶ݳ

ͼʮšĺĵMary

ʮμƶ˶

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ϰɵģ

lw56102

̸ܶ̿Ѫѹ򲡡ѪܲԷǸȾԼ
вѧͲʱһ˵йʳϰߵ
ڹڵķߡ˵ȥżΪ
Ϸй֤֮һϸһ룬˵ںܴ⡣

ҾҪ̽⣬ҪЩ෢ĲУ
ʳϰصľʲôռԭҪλѪܼΪ
߰ڿѧоٵΣǰĴͬҪΣ
ԱѪ֬쳣Ѫѹ̡򲡺쳣ΣҲ
ֱǷ֡١ʳϰߡŴءԸأ
ӵĻĸΣ뱾̽޹أݲгᵽʳ
ϰϸĽǣʳ϶ද̴֬Ǻεʳߡ
ϸһ£ʵ⼸νʳϰΣض
ʳͽ϶ද̴֬Ѫ֬쳣쳣Լ
֣ʳý϶ʳοӸѪѹķաΣбʵ
ɶٽСȻСһһײࡣ

ΣǻҪһЩʳϰ߾ǲԭУйûеġ
֮ǰȽҲμһѧġΪһ
֪ҽԺΣᵽڲԷƷʱ̸йе
ʣλҽαʾԼԹûκЧҸ
ǣҽԹžûмʵƣΪй˹Ŵ󲿷ǳԲġ˵
ѴҿһĩһЩƬԷƬϵй
ŵڣԱΪӪǴ̫ߵһЩŮӦ
ԽһЩˣҲһ޾ɡƼݵӡٽ
˵ʳϰеļҪأ̴֬ǺΣһ
ڹŴйϰεġҪ˵ºܶŴϰ
㹻ﲻ֬͵̴ЩʳڣȤĿԲһ
飬Ҹұ֤϶ͨϰҲԲ˼Ҳд˵
ʳһЩгļͥҳԱѪܷ
һҲֳͣ꽲峯ʵ֮յʱ̸ȤĿȥϰ
Ǹʱ̫ҽǲᳶʲôʳϰߵġǣǹŴĸ߼ͯ
ǵ˽йʮǰĳкҲֻڹʱܵ
顣Σҵйϵм̵ģе͡
︵˵óһΡϰռƽʱԲʲôòˣҲҪÿ
Ե̲ˣôͳʳϰߣ㹻Ͷ֬
̴룬ܶ˿ʼ꣬жѧϰʳϰߣ
ѵԲӪйʳϰߣ˿Ҫ͵ӣ
͵·ֺͼı͹ڶв˵;й
˵ļжٹϵûϸµĵ顣һʣй
еѪܲ˴༯һ֣ԲˣЩ˾
жپأҵĸо٣ԭ⡣

ϣ°̿ıٰʱܹ޸һϽ˵

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҵˮ

laoma

ҲҵˮǶҩˮоǶԻʿġǰ̽ˣ
ҪˮʿŪˣ׼ߣҿдԼ3׳Ҫ
ѪˣͽסʿʿγͷϷŵһЩҩˮ
ҲˣȥһмǸĻҲû˵Ǹ
ڸ鷳ΪһûйϵǱˮǱˮʱĸѹ
ѿܽ⵽ѪҺУصͷųɵĲ
ǰѧʦӾӶѪעӵġ
̫ˣӴԼûеˮ

(XYS20080412)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

һΪ˰޷˿վĹ˽˿վĶ̬ؿ
˿ʼбxys@yahoogroups.com

ʼбÿ췢һ˿վ¸µϣÿµ׷һÿ
Ŀ¼ʼбĶμ롰˿֮ѡ
ʼбxys_friends@yahoogroups.com

ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com, hotmail.com, gmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)
