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2ѧݡᣨңѧʹѧ߹ϵУѧ
Ҫǰ߶ԺѧΪֳ̬ȡѧҪ̽
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ݵѧ𣿻شӦǷ񶨵ģѧǰº鱾˵⣬
һȨδȷᣬ̸ЦôǵĴѧ
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jerrywu

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ΡŵĹģʽڵ廪ͱ󻹸Ҹ
Ǹս׷ɵǼһСë
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ҹδĸУʲôӵģ

СġʱѾһܵ龰档

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עһһûʲô"쵼"ʲô"
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Ҳ̸ѧˮƽ



ȫУҵĽѧˮƽѧУ˲ƵȥӦν
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Ҳ˵ѧУ٣ѧΪÿλѧˮƽרһ˶
ӡΪһѧӦøԼصѧӦȫͳһģʽ
Уѧʲôص㡣ЦǣѧˮƽҪʦĽ̰
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屸ΪһѧӦԼѧ۵㣬Ϊѧṩ
ѧ˼ѧԵ˼άҶһ̿飬һѧ
٣˵ͬĻѧûҪôʦһԺʿڿ¼񣬸
ѧһ¸ѧˣ⻹ΪǹҽԼĽѡ

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ʦѧӭר֮ĴѲ

ľ

˿Ӱˣ

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http://www.gxnu.edu.cn/news/readMessage.shtml?news_id=2510
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˹Źġصġר顱һѶ
ҲϹʦվһЩͼƬһӡǸ·ר֮ϲ󣬵Ȼλ
Ůһ㣬ǴѧӢרҵʢա

վרҼǵרҵ˽⣬鿴һλ

Тڣ׶ʦѧԭ񴦴ѧѧרҵרҡ
רίԱʦ鸱鳤ȫУѧרίԱ
鴦鳤

ģ1979-2007꣩

1 Ƕʽϵͳܽ̾о  2007/01 йڿȫݿ 
2 VC++Matcomϱ̵ĺϵȷ  
2007/12 йڿȫݿ 
3 ȡЧʩ ʵץñƽѧ (߽̰) 2002/06 йڿ
ȫݿ 
4 ۸ߵѧУѧγ̵ĸĸ ׶ʦѧѧ(ư) 1996/01 
йڿȫݿ 
5 ԸߵʦԺУγ̸ĸ̽ й߽о 1995/03 йڿȫ
ݿ 
6 ۿγ̽趨 ʦо 1992/04 йڿȫݿ 
7 ½ʽ֮ϵ ڿƼ 2001-04-01йҪֽȫ
ݿ

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ҽʩ

СסԺľһ˿Ϸۡ㼺
ֳػ⡪ˮθðǽʹҽɻһ¡

ˮͨðʼںʱѼǲ壬ǰƺһ֡桱 
رСð23ջˣ͡ˮҩһһֿ
أգһֵζгҩƼʱõɡǲҽ
طϸȾտҩȽⶾпп
ûǿʣӿ쿵ϣȡ̣
ۻ϶һ޶ľСɫƷҲһ롱
Ʒ۲ԭʲôϸһɨ⣬Ҳм̷Ⱦ򲢷
֢˵ڶ໼ߣҳţҽд˹۵ҲǸ

ҽһԴбҲϰΪȥһλС5
첻ˣڰϸܵͣǶҽûס绰ѯڹ
һ硱ĴѧĸͯҽԺרҼҽ겡ܺΪǲ
Ⱦٴϲټصģԭ򣬹һ
գȻڶ½ǵ˳ʼʹгҩرǾΣ
¡ش˵Ҳã벻ѧԺʽĽѧҽԺҲдƷ

ϸ֮ΪɵģҲһ֮

ҽͶҽֹ̽£ҽѧ
ӽ̿Ҳ֪Ըð޲ϸȾ֢ȷҩ
ˮϢͿˣҶǣ㲻ˮת۶
ȥұҽҪͿܳΪࡣң
أ

ȡ֤áΪ˱⡰ˡʱ򡱵ľ
棬ֻԸðҽΪһԼЩ֢ϸ۲죬
м̷Ⱦ֢֢򣬼ʱǣⲢ˼򵥡磬
ԸðϼʹֻϢʹˮһڲ
׻ļףǿλƺҲûáһϷͥпѱ硣
֪ðв֢ܵģΪʲôԤơҩĿʹò
淴кÿԣҩҩûжãα
αΪʲôáڡСҽ˵гҩͨҽҽ
гҩ̫ϲڳ̶ȣԶԶҽгҩĽܶȿ
ߵģһ˵ƳõЩȽⶾ̵ֹҩǲʹ
ģβܣǸҩһĸáҪ˵
ʲôãҲǳԶ˻ḹкȻͬ۵㣬Ϊ˵
ﻰɵġеҩϺȾףд˵
ϣҩ䡷ҲмأҺټعжõġб˫ڷ
ҺҩעõƼһӦù㷺Ƚⶾгҩʵ
֤ҩжֿɷ֣ƲϸڵĸƣԼס
вв񡫢ͣв꣨BͣԼ
ϰ10ֲнǿɱãԽɫѪ
˫տȸ˾Ĥáٴʵ˫
ڷҺѳΪегҩڸָðķȡ
ԡʹȣõЧйҽҩ2442ڡת
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ءպгҩǷصĺָչҽ
˵ءйҽǶϲŻˣҽҲ֮

ҽϡ϶һ޶ġҽѧģʽҪǽ1956
ھٰҽְѧϰҽѧϰࡱϣɴˡҽϵĸ߼ҽ
Ϊ㣬Ҫ󣨺٣ҽѧϰҽʮڻͨڻֲͨҪ
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ˮҽҩӦ֮һɣ֪жҽУɣҩġ

źҹʵֱֻʳΪҩǼʮǰ
ˣ20ȴһûСԺԺʿҽϣ
δ¡һַǣһµġҩ
ҽϼҽҩܴ³µҽҩС˷ð
̲SARSС׳ҩΰ紴µήҩ֮һ˿
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ǰǡġܻӭġҩζѣС
ڷѣҩͿܺЩˣСð벻ˮҲ
ѣȻˮȫУɣҩҲҩڡҽϡĴ£
θðֻTYLENOLҽܲףҡˮҽѡ

ҽθðӼ˵ӦǸܼ򵥵⡣ˮθð
ȴӵö࣬ɾ˵ģɣ
ѧǳ˵ֻһ֮ԣţһëҲ⡣

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ѧѧԺʦְܸȻ



һֱ˿ʵߣܸлйѧľӳһ
ΥȻѧ

ѧԺиĸtenureƣڹڵǰУֵÿ϶
ְȻΪʦڣоԱڣоԱ
һͨơƸоԱһִ·оԱǾи߼
ְƵġоԱ𱱴ѧԺʦһ©ΥȻ
ѧȻѧʱְǽʦΪмְƣȻ
ѧ涨ֻеһϻȴڶơ
ƸоԱһζΪи߼ְƣͬʱϵϻ
ȻȫֵԺУܴĲƽǷѧУҲѾнʦְƵо
ԱԱ֣ơƸоԱͿһԾΪ߼ְأ
һַͻȻѧ涨Ƿȡ޵ĿԴ
ȻƻȻѧƽԭԱѧԺ½ʦΪ
ְǽʦΪ˽ȴͬʱĿĿ
оƻָ֪涨Ȼ౳ġѾ
Ȼѧᷴӳһ⣬ûеõظֻӳ

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ĿѧѧҾһ

pkugh
http://pkugh.spaces.live.com/Blog/cns!FD0C2C5F4E64E4F9!171.entry

Ȼ֤ǸƼЩƨ飬ʲô⣬Ī
Ҫ˵ͨ˳ˣ׼ȷҵһηԭִҲ
ԸôѶѹ˱֮ʹ

ժη:

His sealed note blablabla...ΪĪıʼblablabla.....
ĪĶģĪ

That was an effect that not even he had anticipated but that 
Poisson, initially one of his opponents, had shown to be a necessary 
if absurd consequence of Fresnel's theory.
Ϊķ֮һһʼѾ֤ڶǻ
ģЧӦǱȻ

ȷķӦǣڶĻ۳ôЧӦǱȻ
ġ˵ڶ۳ôȻֻĽԭĵ


治⣬ֻӾѧˣҲǱڣsigh
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ൺѧ˶ʿ
׶ʦٱһ˶ʿȫϮ

ߣ
  
й֪˶ʿݿƪĿݼһģһģһƪ
ൺѧѧԺٻٻ˶ʿġƴ˼ʫĻ±䡷
һƪ׶ʦյ˶ʿġƴ˼ʫĻ졷ǰ
20056±ҵൺѧѧԺйŴѧרҵ˶ʿҵģʦ
ٽڣ200612±ҵ׶ʦѧԺѧרҵ˶ʿģ
ʦʤڡƪĿһֻǸĶ֡±䡱
ˡ족ҲͲʲôأƪ
ǴӵӰȫƵġĳϮѾֲˣһ㶼
Ǹͷġѧλļͨƪ󵨵Ǻ
߾ȻҪְĸУδš

յ˶ʿġƴ˼ʫĻ졷һ¼ơ
ġĿժҪļһֲ˼ٻٻ˶ʿġƴ˼
ʫĻ±䡷һ¼ơġ뿴ĵժҪ

˼๲еһ,Ҳÿ˶޷⿪ᡣ
Ϊ,ͼͨǰ(ƴ)˼ʫ,˼ĻԨԴ˼
ʫڲͬʱڵķչݱصܽ,һ̽ƴ˼ʫ
̺Ļ Ĺ¡һҪԹŴ˼ʫϵĽ綨,
ʮͰʮǰƴ˼ʫо״һ,ǰоɹ,
Ϊĵо춨;ڶ´ũҵѪԵϵڷƶ
˼ʷ,˼л崫ͳĻ
Ľ;ͨǰ˼ʫĴͲͬʱڵݱ,Ը
ʱ˼ʫص򵥷ܽ,Ϊƴ˼ʫо̵;
ũҵ黳ֹܰζ˼
ǹн֯ĸƴ˼ʫĻںչֵ
´⾳졢˼ɫ,ƴ˼ʫ
һ򵥸,չƴ˼ʫصĻ񡣡

ٿĵժҪ

,๲еһ,Ҳÿ˶޷⿪ᡣļ
ԴΪ,ͼͨǰ(ƴ)˼ʫ,һĻԨԴ
ڲͬʱڵķչݱصܽ,һ̺̽Ļ 
Ĺ¡һҪǶԶʮŴ˼ʫо״ܽ,
ǰ˵оѾȡõĳɼ,˽еĲ֮,ΪԼо춨;
ڶũҵѪԵϵڷƶ˼Ļ
,˼Ĳ,л崫ͳĻʷĽ;ͨ
ƴǰ˼ʫͷ,ܽÿʱ˼ķչ
ص,Ϊƴ˼ʫо̵;Ҫƴ˼ʫл
ͳĻļ̳,չֳƴߵʱصĻ,Ҫũҵ
黳ֹܰζ˼ǹĽ֯
ĸ;Ҫƴ˼ʫ⾳˼
,ܽƴ˼ʫȡõĳɾ͡

˵ժҪЩԽĶֵĻôӢժҪֱ
ˡģ

Longing for ones hometown is a common and undeniable sentiment for 
all of mainkind. It is also the foucus of this paper,which attempts to 
explore the cultural underpinning ofhometown sentimentliterature 
during the pre-Tang and Tang Dynasties, and attempts to classify and 
analyze this type of poetry from these two periods. This paper has 
five parts. Chapter one summarizes the works of 20~(th) century 
scholars in the field and points out some of their shortcomings. 
Chapter two discusses the cultural base fo...

ٿģ

Longing for one's hometown is a common and undeniable sentiment for 
all of mankind. It is also the focus of this paper, which attempts to 
explore the cultural underpinnings of "hometown sentiment" literature 
during the Pre-Tang and Tang Dynasties, and attempts to classify and 
analyze this type of poetry from these two periods.This paper has five 
parts. Chapter one summerizes the works of 20th century scholars in 
this field and points out some of their shortcomings. Chapter two 
discusses the cultural base fo...

ؼʶͬС졣ĵĹؼʣ

˼ʫ; ũҵ; ѪԵϵ; ڷƶ; 黳; Ļ;

ٿĵĹؼʣ

˼ʫ; ũҵ; ѪԵ; ڷ; Ļ; ;

ѵɺٿĵĿ¼ĵĿ¼

 

һ ˼ʫĽ綨Ŵ˼ʫо
һ˼ʫĽ綨
ʮŴ˼ʫо
ڶ ˼Ļ
һũҵ˼ʷ
ѪԵϵ˼
ڷƶȣ˼
 ƴǰ˼ʫݱص
һũɫʣʫ˼ʫ
ʹ֮ǡ˼
λ±κ˼ʫ
ġϲʤ˼ʫ
 ƴ˼ʫںĻ
һũҵ黳
ֹ
ܰζ
ġ˼ǹн֯
 ƴ˼ʫ
һƴ˼ʫ⾳
ƴ˼ʫ˼
ƴ˼ʫɫ
 
ο

ĵĿ¼ơ

 
һ Ŵ˼ʫо˼ʫĽ綨 
һʮŴ˼ʫо 
˼ʫĽ綨 
ڶ ˼Ļ 
һũҵ˼ʷ 
ѪԵϵ˼ 
ڷƶ˼ 
 ǰ˼ʫݱص 
һũɫʵġʫ˼ʫ 
ʹ֮ġǡ 
ս롢λ±ĺκ˼ʫ 
ġϲʤѾ˼ʫ 
 ƴ˼ʫںĻ 
һũҵ黳 
ֹ 
ܰζ 
ġ˼ǹĽ֯ 
 ƴ˼ʫ 
һƴ˼ʫ⾳ 
ƴ˼ʫĹ˼ 
ƴ˼ʫɫ 
 
¼ 
 

Ŀ¼ҪӢͬĻһĿͷ
ֿĵεĴˡ

ȿԡ֡ģ

 

ѧЩ⣬˵ϲȵȣȥӽ
ӽӽ˵Щġ˼
һǲ⡣
ڡйʫѧָйʫƺԶ̾˺ϣ
硣ߣԵ̫˸Уǣ벻ҪйĹ󣬴ǰ
ͨѣҪи߶ԶƧĶӻ֮ļգ
ԼڴͳйͥҪȵļҸٹ̵İš
Ǹũס½أй˴Ȼȱ񱡣ˣ֮
ΪйʫһеϮ⣬档1
ӡʫǡʼйŴʫγһԴԶ˼
⡣ܰ˵˼֮裬ͬʱͬײͲͬԵʫ
಻ϵ˼ǧꡣйд˼ʫ֣ÿһλ
ʫ˶ɹ˼֮˼ʫѧʷֳԺʹԣʹ֮
ΪйŴʫһΪҪɲ֡
Ϊʲôһ뿪磬˼黳ͱ˳أΪʲô˼ʫ豻ظ
شⲻΪлǹƾõũҵ壬ÿһй˵ﶼ
Ÿֲũҵ黳ͼ԰ΪҪǣũҵ֮
ġѪԵϵΪڷƶȺڷʹڼͥ塢ҵ
ݺ˼飬ڵ͸ѧÿϸѪԵ
ͥʶǵĻϴӡйŴ˼ʫʱ
áлĻĽ˼ѳΪлṹ
ĻҪ֮һ
1
ޡйʫѧ̨ʨĻҵ˾1979 ꣬ 89 ҳ

ٿģ


ѧЩ⣬˵ϲȵȣȥӽ
ӽҲӽ˵Щ·ġ˼
һǲ⡣
ڡйʫѧָйʫƺԶ̾˺ϣ硣
ߣҲԵ̫ˣǣ벻ҪйĹ󣬴ǰͨ
ѣҪи߶ԶƧĶӻ֮ļգ
ԼڴͳйͥҪȵļҸٹ̵İš
Ǹũס½أй˴Ȼȱ񱡣ˣ֮
ΪйʫһеϮ⣬档ٴʫǡ
ʼйŴʫγһԴԶ˼⡣ܰ˵˼
֮裬ͬʱͬĽײ㡢ͬԵ˽ϵݳ˼ǧ꣬
йд˼ʫ֣ѧʷֳ˵Ժʹԣ
ÿһλʫ˶гɹ˼֮˼ʫΪйŴʫһ
Ҫɲ
Ϊʲôһ뿪磬˼黳ͱ˳Ϊʲô˼ʫ豻ظѵ
ⲻΪлһ϶ƾõũҵ壬ÿһй˵
ֲũҵ黳ͼ԰ΪҪǽũҵ֮
ϵġѪԵϵΪڷƶȺڷʹڼͥ塢ҵ
ݺ˼飬ڵ͸ѧĸ档ѪԵͥ
ʶĻϴӡйŴʫ˵봴
йĻֲ˼ĳء˼ʫʱá
еĻĽ˼Ϊлṹ
ĻҪ֮һޡйʫѧ̨ʨĻҵ˾1979
꣬89ҳ

Ķһģһġ̫áٿ½
һ֡ģ

    Ưʫˣǵ̫С̫̫ϸ
ǵмֱ޴ڡʱڡʵʹãʹԭ
࣬ʹ˼ʫĸɫʸŨءͬʱֱ
˵Ȼƴ˼ʫ˼⾳ʹеıüӶ
أʹʫ԰⡢¶ļӱ֣
ֱӵйȻԣƴ˼ʫбﻹֱΪ
֮ƴ˼ʫĴϴﵽһ壬⾳Ӫ
ʹ˼еıﺬ̽壬ҳӱĹ˼и߶ȸ
ͱԣʹ˼һбñ仯ˡѰζǧ֮
ȻŶ

ٿĵһ֣

    Ưʫˣǵ̫У̫ʹǵĸ̫
ϸǿǵмֱڣʱڡ
ʹãʹԭ࣬ʹ˼ʫĸɫʸŨءͬʱ
ֱӱֱʱ˵Ȼƴ˼ʫ˼⾳ʹ
еıüӶأʹʫ԰⡢
¶ļӱֱ֣ӵйȻԣƴ˼ʫб
ֱӵΪ֮ƴ˼ʫĴϴﵽһ壬
⾳ӪУʹ˼еıﺬ̽壬ңӱ
Ĺ˼и߶ȸͱԣʹ˼һбñ仯ˡ
Ѱζǧ֮£Ȼӵж

Щ֪ȫԵĳ̶ˡƪٹ緢
ȫֹй󲿷ָУй֪ݿ⣬֪
ˡȻҲв֣ͬĵġ

  
λع硢Ů鳤޷ѵ飬˼дһʼ
ͬйŴʫ贴еϵչΪһبŲѧ
⡣йŴ˼ʫʷԴڶࡢɾ׿˼Ĵԣ
йŴ˶Թ԰УйĻľƴ˼ʫԺ
ص߶Ⱥ˼ȡıַϸί˼У
ʹ˼ʫ˿ܣΪйŴʫĵ
ǰƴ˼ʫойŴʫ˼ķչ
̣ڼйͳĻʶ
Ե˼ѡһĿõ˵ʦʤڵ
׿ϡʤڷæĽѧк͹֮࣬עʱ;
ҵѧϰĹϤָʦΪˡԨѧʶϽ
ѧֿĹػΪҽ·ָͱƸѧ
Ժʦѧʹػ˽İеĹػͬʱ
Ҳǳлڿʦڡ˼ڡ޻ڡնڡ
ڡκڡڴұʾĵĸл

֪ЩʦίαסģеĶҪǩ֣ȷû
гϮΪҲױǩġĵҳֽ֣

׶ʦѧλԭ
    :ʽѧλģǱڵʦָ£оȡ
ĳɹ
Ѿעõ⣬Ĳκ˻Ѿ׫д
ĳɹԱĵоҪ׵ĸ˺ͼ壬ȷʽ
ȫʶķɽɱ˳е
ѧλǩ  
:20061210ա

֪߻ʲôĽ֪ͣģ׶ʦӦ

ϼ˽⵽գൺѧѧԺ֧ǣൺ
ѧൺѧ쵼С칫ҸΡൺѧ塱
շ쵼С칫ҸΡൺѧ˼νо»ḱ鳤
˺ṫ״ൺƼѧѧ1998
2ڣۼලķݡҹߡ
20069ڣ6ƪ£˺ġ

(XYS20080410)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.dropin.org)(xys-reader.org)

ҷʦѧ˼רҵʿһƪȫĳϮ֮

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ļĺѧ淶ҵѧо࣬ͨƪȻ
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Խܵ߶ӵֽһѧϰ˼νרҵˣȻĿŵȫ
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ɹ飬˶Ŀ䳭ϮԭľȻΪοף

ЩܵʿĴأг˾ƪοףԭ
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[1]Ҷ.ҹҵõ״⼰Բ[J].̳
,2002.10
2ݻ.ҵϵĽ[J].й̹о,2003.4
ӦΪ2002꣡
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4ݹ.ҹҵöȱԭ򼰶Բ߷[J].ó,2002.7
5,ֶ.Сҵòĳ򼰶Բ[J].ҵ,2002.6
6־.ҵƶ[J].۾о,2003.2
7ΰ.ҹϵĶ෽λ˼[J].ƾѧ,2002.6
8.ҹȱʧļ˼[J].о,2002.5
9ݶԽҹҵƶȵļ˼[J].,2002.19 

ǳϮ̫ˣ9οߡֶ
ˣҲԵ˷ִ磬ʾˣ㻹
ûüϮأڴ˴ɲ°ѱ˵ĴŶ

УϮ£

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￡ؽҵõ˼ҵо200310
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־ģҵƶȡ۾о20022ڣ
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רҵĺѾꡱμģ44ҳƽУ֮
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ʿҵ֮ɹؼѧԺʿѧλһƪ
ġѧҰµ˼νоʵ20073ڣΪ
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ӳϮ֮۹ҹҵϵ˫زԡķʱ
ʱʿǻʦѧѧԺ˶ʿоĳϮ뷢֮ʱ
˶ʿ֮ʣ˿Ц˷̵ǣѵ׼ȫ
ȫĳϮ֮õ˼νרҵлʦڶڵ
ƷϽѧлʦѧѧԺ˼о
ҫӡٵȸλʦġĺͰôڡһջļڡ
Լĸĸ⡢ĺͿġȻôᡰв 
أ

ӱʿֽ˼νʮ꣬Ҳ
ȡ˲ٳɼͬѧ˶ʿĻѡйڿ˶ʿ
Ŀ⣻˶ƪģ硶ǳ鵱л徫֮ʡ
ѧԺѧ20032ڣ̬ļֵͼݱ·
йίУѧ200703ڣ˼νչĻ
·һߣ˼νо20073ڣ

ڴĺ󣬱߸пͬѧǲѧţ˼
̸ܸ࣬л徫ĽԼ̬Ż⣻дУ
ͬѧٲȻңǳ鵱л徫̬֮ļֵ
ͼݱ·ͨƪȻҪһעͣ˽оǣ̬
ļֵͼݱ·ĺͬ¼˶ƪοףϮƶ
Σд߰ͼҷ

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о㽱ѧ𡱶Ƚμʦѧоҳ
gs.ccnu.edu.cn/UpFile/2007111318857675.xls 106K 2007-11-13 ѧΪ
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ѧûĳϮ

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ӡ

1958ԾҸɵ̾ѨλƷ
ΰҽһǣʮʵڡĸʱ
һ룬һѲݡɫҽƸ߳1971»ȫ
ʽйɹķչһηԾʹйҽѧ
ʣƶҽѧ˵Ļǰչ40ٴɹʵ
չ֡

1972ͳɺҰȫʻṳ̂
صйأʼ˽ʷƾáԨԴĶ˶
İйʲô棬˶ҽǳȤҪι
й鹤ԸԳڶļ˸ʸ
ֳαݡһº䶯ȫ򣬺ܿȫйȣӴй
硣ܹΪйҽѧһϴΪѻ
1976йöһסҽѧ³ɾ͡ļƱ1979
ȫṫݲɫƽƬгɹȫȺչ
鿪չָ200Ӵܹй
ҽʱ

ڵ۸оɣΪ粻
ôһ򵥵˼άйؾڵľˡ
Сȸִ˵ҲйΪжԻ
Сָ죬кܶŵǰȫЧ
ӴҲдִҽѧе塣ڴ֮ǰĶǣҩʹȫ
ֲʱʧȥ֪ʹʹ½̣
дΪҩʹȫֲʱʧȥ֪

ǰ͹ȥˣְȫЧûй
ʹãΪ꼻һֵʱţڵ⵽Ϊʲô
Ϊ龭ܲסʱѧĿ顣á鲢
ЧΪ֤ʵҽҩΰıӢ
Ϻ֤ҽҽλһš

Ϊʲô˵鲻ʵ֤ݣ

һΪԼĽۣδͻأʹ
ȫţǣӦ

ΪΪʹܰȫһŷ֧ҽѧȻ
ʹȫͲʹЧΪĻ֪
ʹԼɳǣӦã˿˵͸û
Ч

ΪѧɹձԣҴڿظԣҽν鲢
ձй㷺ӦãҲظӦóЧ

ΪֻĳЩЧЩ߸ЧԤǰ
ǰ˼յΪҽѧĹ,߹
ĲڶԽԣڲ˸еʹʱáų
ѣʤοںž

ƬѡϱҪµƬҪҽпƤҪ
죬Ҫ᣻пƤǰ15ӻ뾲ע50ǿʹ䶡
ʹ߶ʹӦٶۡ

ġпƤ»п룬ͨ粻ϴ̼ǰյʹ
пƤʹжȳٶۡ

塢ΪƤʹе򣬶⡢ʹУ
õҲԵʹоǣӦȴʮСǣ
ಡʹʱҪڷĤϵĤעֲҩ³Լ
ǣӦֵʹ

˸ȫȡۺʹʩмʮϰ
Ҳκ֤֤жʵáһ
ʹЧ

Ϊͨʩһ㻼ʹ
ҽпڼɳںǣಡ˲ﶯʹҰ¶
鷴֮ȥΪɹ񡣱磬Ҫҽ
ᣬȥʹȫƤǰעǿʹҩ䶡÷
µƬƤҪԼпƤʹмþֲҩȥ
ǣʹȡʹʩܹάȥΪɹ
֤ҽΰĿѧ١

ҽλĵ䷶Ҳ1958Ծжĵж
ߵĲ˼άĲһĻڶ
ܾٴʹ

ʵĿѧ̬ȥع߹ʶ̬£˵
ҽΰĿѧ٣˵Ϊ֤ҽٶ
δ֤ʵЧʵ飬̲ܳЧЧ
ܲסʱѧĿʧܸա

ҽڹȥʵӰ죬˸˽
νȻһʱΪҽǿѧΪ֧
ҽ֤ݡʵǹ޷һ
ʡĲ˵ڿƼĽȻûʻ
֤ľΪʮֻѵġ

ҲǷЧһ˵ȷЧҲ뾭
治ڷɡŴҽκű֤˵ű
Ĳħͬһޡ

ڼʮʵѾ֤ʵѭȡѨ벻ѭȡѨʹЧ
ûв𣻻вͬѨλҲܹͬʹЧҲ˵뾭
ûϵִҽѧ֤Чȡڶ񾭹ܵĴܲ
ϡѧ֤࣬еĶо˶ܶ񾭹ܡ
֮ҽԳľĶѧϵûκʵ
ѧݵġʵȻü˵ȥ֤˵Ĳ롣

ĽǹŴһʵƼͨ񾭸ĳЩȺ
ĳЩʹ֢һЧ̸ܡڡĸ
Ϊ֤ҽҩΰıӢ۶ϺҽʱҪ
ʵǲȡʹʩʹעˮθߺϸ˵Ҳǿѧ
١

ʹĻйأ

һѧΪͨ񾭸ϵͳһ
Һʣʹã

ʾʹҪءΪĲ˲ʹ
ЧֻҰʾΪҽѧľŻнϺõ
ʹЧ

ʹ֯˴̼۸зӦȺʹ
۸ܴܲҲǶʹвͬзӦжȸͬ
ܴǰҪⶨʹк˽ⲡ״̬˵
˵ľʹ뷴Ӧֱӹϵá
ѡʱѡʹֵߣȶ
ĻߣΪŲҽϹͬȥΪҽѧ


(XYS20080410)

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̸йҽҩ̬ȼѰ



ȣҲʲô˵ķ˿ֻڽ˿ϰҽѰ
֮󣬸оҽĺܶдñȽϿУ˺ܶٴҽҽ
ǸҽµĴ򣬶һһǹʶԸڹ֮
ʱйҽĵʡΪҽϣȡҽ˫
ҪҽܹĸԼĸܺͿһЩ飬ܱȻ
վڷרҵǶϵĵıԹмֵѰʼҽ
ϵлǰһͷָȥһЩѾָ
һȻҶȥöԱ˾ûмֵÿ˵֪ʶäȤ
ֻͬǶ԰ҽ¸ȤһЩöѰºջ񣬶ҳ
о֪ơֻܶһЩѵָ𣬶Щָ
û˼ȻֻҵĶУ˸ܶѡ

֮ΪܹΪʲôҽҽ̬ȱȽϺ
оһҲҩЧĲȷԣٴϻҲȥӦҩһ
ȴԸ⳹׷ҩԸŲҩǿЧģֻȱ֤
ݶѡͷӶҽҩ̬γ˶Աȡţҽйٴҽ
ǲʹҩģٴڶҽϿܸͿ
ֻľһΪʲôйҽĶҽ̬Ϊ
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Ӱ죬ߵźҪ󣬶ԴйסЩصӰ£
ҽܹӵһѵʶҽıʡܶʱҽӦ
Ҫҩ߸ݳϰ߿ҩʱǲȷҩһû
ЧܶҽҲҩЧ֪ҩûЧиã
ܾܿͲˡŶҽĵˮƽͨ˲Ҫ
ҽͻ߻ݺ͹ʹҩҽҪһЩ
ҽʶҩЧкôڻҪʱ򣬽һ
ҩûʲôЧҩĳֶԡǿ¾Ͳ
ˣһǴϢĿǰܶҽԼڷҩ
ءйٴҽڶҽ̬϶Բѧרҵ֪ʶͬʱ
ǷӦÿһ£йҽѧԺṩרҵ֪ʶʲôأҽѧԺ
ڿҽΣҽѧ̲ϻĽҽҩƷҽӦ
ѧġרҵ֪ʶѽÿҽ˿ģ˿ҽ
ҲþȷʶҽĻƣҽȣ

ΪҪϳҽһɺԵķҽѧԺĽҪڿγ
ͽ̲ȥҽбҪγҽıʣҩĶԣ
ͳѧоȻҪǷǳѵģĿǰ
ͨ˵ġ

һƪ̲סѰͷҽûʲôϵֻ˵
оݣ˲òܲѰϣ׵ɿ顣
Уϣ׺ͻ٢ȵһִҽѧûʲôϵԸ
Ϊҽѧı棬ڶҲԶԻ٢ȵʾءصֻ
Ƕҽѧķ׾񣬶ҽƷ֮Աǡû뺳ʲ
ôλΪֻһŶѣһĵĶͿѧ޹ءҪ
ΪϣģǰִҽѧҽΪϣҪ
йŴҽ١ҲҽûҽʹҲ
ûбҪϣ׵ԹϣûбҪΪ档ֻǾѰ
ܵأͻȻ2000ǰһҽԼҵµʶ
ҽе¿죬֮Ц̲֮סһ¡һΪ
йҽǣûбҪʲôϣԣֻҪԵԼģӦ
Լרҵ֪ʶúø˿ǺҽȻǵרҵ֪ʶܺܶ
صӰЩƫģЩޣǲȱҽ¡

ûҽ氲οЧӦҽǿ϶ҲҩЧǰ
οЧӦġֻǾĸ׵˵еʱ˵׵˷ҩ
ĸ׶ҽҩӵߣҶǱĬӰǳ
˽Ҷҽ̬ȡǵˣνġ֢ʱ򣬳ڶ
ĿִҽѧƳ̺ɳܶҩζǿҷУ
ÿַõҩĿǰҽް취ķƺ֢ҶԴ
ȰҲȰ˼Σǳ϶ĸңԺоǺˣͣ˾ͷ
˵ֻЩҩﶾԵһЩֻϣĸٴγͣҩ
ҲóˡЧĸ׵۸ҲãǰοЧ
ӦҲãǼȻҲãֻҪĸ׸оãҾ͸еĪο
ҷҽҩףʵˡ

(XYS20080410)

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еҽѧߡ°׷ۿ粻ҩ

Ѱ

ǰÿһǡ¼෴ֹԱҽԺԺ
İˣȻҽˣۣǩǩǺ
һþȣйҽԺѵõشһأýҲ蹦̵²ϣ˵ʵڵģ
йý壬ҺѸڿһʵҽýⱨϵ
йýĹڼලȱλͲΪغ뽡⡣

ҶλҽеЦЩ˵Ӿһκֻ
֪ԲΪʲôһֺܱľءΪʲôҪǩͬ飿
ͬڹ֪ͬ飨Informed Consentǻ߼໤ͬ
ҽƷʽļǰȥһ磬Ҳǩһͬ
顣

֪ͬԵ׶ΣһҪ֪飬Ҫͬ⡣֪ͬʵ
ʾǶԻ߼໤ȨأҽƷľȨ߼
ˣԲΪһչȨһ˵֪ͬε
תƣ߼໤ҪеҽƾߵĺҽԱеЩ
Ƕǰ߳еԶȺǿڷƵϵУҽϢ
ӵߣ׾ٵͨٿϢӰ컼߼໤˵ľߣ
ϣ֪ͬҪǿ֪飬кϷͬ⣬ǩֿԱʾͬ⣬
֪飬ҲóϢͬģǩ־ûкϷԣҽ
ʹͬ飬ҲΪδָ֮ϢòеҽΪ
Ρҽҽƻл棬ҽһȻԳߵ
ʵҪҽƻô֪ͬһֻƱϻ档

ҽǩͬǺܿЦģΪʹδҽƲ淶
壬һ׳գ׳յȻҲƣҲıеıʣ
ʵ̫׳һ㡣ҽǩͬǲǡģΪû֪
һڣҲ޷ֹҽ򡣻һǶ˵ͬζεתƣ
ͬŰδλҽƨתԴϡضĻ
УỼ߼ļ໤Ȩôͱʹ໤ȨҪе
໤Σ˲Ȩǩͬ飬֪ǩЧͬ顣

һΪʲôҪǩ֪ͬ飿ȥ޳޵ԣΪʲôֲǩ
ƵЭأѵ־ýоͲ֪ͬôʵϵ޳޵ԣ
ۺ󶼵õõͬſʼ޵ģ˺Ǯˣ֪ͬ
һٵķʽḶ́һٷʽḶ́Զ֪ͬ
ЧپЧ飬޵òޣ޺˺
ĵظˡҽƻʹʽЭ飬Ҳࡣ

ҽ޳һףˣһµģ
100%ĿԳӲУȡü100%Ĺ
ϢȫϢ£޳ĺǿ϶ġ˵
ȡȫϢͬǸΰʹҽѧĵطõҽ
ܸ׼ȷظж೤㣬
еļ0%㣬еĻʿ2~5%
еļʿܲᳬ20%

ҽƾУܵõϢԶǲȫģǰܹҽ
ԺҽԵҽϢжضѲƫƫ˵Ĳ˳
ذСˣֹͣеʹҽѧж
ѲĶ⣬вٻ˳̥ǰãʱ̥ȴҪλ
¶ڣʦĵжϵۣϵδ˼漣
ҽѧߣǲȫϢľߣӢĽBounded Rationalityԡ

ھѧеԲעͣ˷ϵۣûȫϢ
һ־״̬·϶пܱɹһͷ࣬С¼ʼ
մڣǼС¼ΪжҪԣ͵졣
ճ򵥾ýϽˡס͡Σʵ϶ȫϢ
ߣ֪ʲôڣ򵽼ٻÿһζҪ飬
ʹˡ

йƱĴԾͺף㹻Ϣ
Ʊƣ㲻йƱҲýа׬ǮڹƱӦû
ˣ˵˹Ʊ׬ˡÿһˣ
ϢԼľߣп׬пܿ׬ĿԸ

ͬһҩ70%˲ã20%ɿ˷ĸ
ã10%صĸãҩ80%ĿЧ20%ĿȫЧ
ҽƼҩ˾Ͳ֪ҩڲʹþûЧ߳ʲ
ôĸãҽߵľҪԵϢƣԲôĿ
ԶԶڲĿԣôѡʹþԵģģڲ
ʹ˸ҩصĸòЧ߾ܾʹãǾ޴
ҽһɱ˫äʵĽԴҩûģ
Ƽˣҽ͸òҽҵˡ

ҽһʼҩҩĸþͻ𽥳֣ҩЧҲ
ͨٴжӦߵϢͽӣĳһ̶ȣҽͿ
жҩԾ廼ڸЧϴʲô״̬̬ضԱЧգ
Чʱ͵ʹãճЧʱ͵ͣã
ʹзֶϢʧ𣬷ִҩЧ֪ͣҩǾشʧˡ

ҽҩʵһ򵥵ҽѧߣʹһ򵥵ҽѧ
ߣеҽһض̷࣬רԾӣ硰ҽѧ
У˵1+12ѣֻΪרһˡ

̷гӷΪ֤̾öȡһŭıȻ
һ֧ߣȡ췸гﷸգе㶫ʩ
Чˣ֤ùҲϹκҲҲϹҵȻ̱ר
˵ıʵʵֻǴ˹ֱǶʩԶԶظڰ̷
棬Ч򭲻ϣԴѰԺרɵƵ߼ҽ
ɴ಻Ѱԭġν⣬ܰóһѰĻκη
˵ʲôֵıʱסҪչ˰ﷸ
ŻߣԳ֮ΪﷸҲΪ߼Ҳý1+12һʯ
˵ӷţﷸŵȵȣôһʯ
˰ա

1.	ҽҩΪʲôҪһӴ

򵥵ĸʼ㣬һҩʮ꣬ɱڣĸ
ѧܹϸѵרҵԱУԸȻڻѧɷݻŹ
ȻеЧѧʷѶȳϳɻѧʱ򣬲Żģ
ϳɻѧҩоҽĽǶ˵һĿѧ
𣬻ûκξԴЧҩ䷽Ļж
㣬ҲǼС¼ԶԣѵսԴû
Ĳѧʻԭṹҽм֧оӴĿ
ѧרҵԱγɵŶȽϣǰ߷һҩƷԱȺо
ҩ뷽õĿǶ٣Ϊʣ˿Ҳֻһ
С¼ж౿ôΪҽҩȫ̷񶨵˾ж


2.	ҽҩΪʲôȥЧ

ѧϰҽľӦҽѧĿѧԭҽ϶Ϲ̵һ
ڣ̲Ϊʲô£ΪƻԤƣûֿ
ʱҽʹԶ˲ֵһĲʱΪ
ҽֻǸȻƵһءʹûҽĸԤеļ
һչ̣****ʶԣҽ
ҽԼ˼ǿɳܵģҽƻУϹè
Ǿ¡

ҽһ֪ƭӣһƭӡҽƭ
Ƕ΢ӵ֪ƭͨȫԻУ޲
һȻΡѽΡǮƭòˣ£ҵ
100꣬ƭӲ

гҩҩЧɷݣҽƭȻȥЧ

˸ÿҽԵԱΪϵļЩ˵ı
ԽҩԽЧҽԽԽЧҽԽǻᴵԽЧ
ҽЧԴʱעؿ͹֤ݣϲԶﴫԸо˵¶

3.	ҩΪʲô޶ã

һҽѧչһ׶Σ˿ڻʱȱ
ЧҩֶΣġҽѧͻëʺȵ
Լй޸ˮͣȫḳƼֵ˵Ĵ㹷
ԣ˵ȫȻӪ˳жõĿǼСġʳ
ʶΪҩҳʲôؼǴ󲿷ֶȫû
ЧģþƭǮ

ҩĸñҽƭĦڸˣ
ЧЧƭǮĸøסˣҩڡʵĸøסˣ
ĸΡȻȻذӦĸøסˣ
ڴƻơκθҽбҩЧı־ʶ㡪
ҩθҩʹõĵҲȱظõʶ
ʹҽѧӷﷸҽˣҩĸȱ˽⡣

4.	ٴжԴҽҩ

ѭ֤ҽѧչеԣҽһȱɥǵѧʣҪô
ƭˣҪôɴԼһƭϲƭѣţ
ҽҩЧĿԼʹУҲСԣҽҩЧҩд
ǵĶáٴҽҪ*̬********ҽ**ҩ

Aҽ϶Ҫץסκλ߼
ʶҽϵٲɿ
BҽƵȷ֤ʱҪʵ֮ˣЭ

CҪѧʶҩĶãȷ֤ʱҪʵ߲ˣЭ

DҽҩνġЧҪνͣԲ˸и֪
EŸĲˣҪռҽҩЧжĸ
ǿɳܵ
Fܺж֮ҽԼ㲻ҩгҩǿɳܵ
G滼ԶҩгҩҪоԼרҵΧǱк
Чгҩҩ
HҪܹʶҩжжܲȡֶΣ
ûһҪʶҽ˽תﵽרȥ

5.	ѧʵضԴҽҩ

Ҷ԰̷˰飬һǽָĶ
ʵЧ췹Ӳǰÿһһνа̷¸ڣ
޲ɼѧУ԰ıۻᣬսϵ棬ʹվ
ȷҲħҽҩȨ

ҩɷڶ࣬ĳЩɷݿ̥ܶкҩЧƭǮԼҩ
̥ĶʵʵڵΪ̷ָԸ⶯ӣɰѰԭظ
֪췹ϲһԻҩи̥
ȻѡһȷȴǱȰ̷Ҫɵ΢ȣ
ҽмӷüöһϺͷbangbu1996֮Ц֮
ûȥ˿˴Ұգ췹ҽҩи̥Ժ
ںδк֤֧ţѧϽԣɵҽ
ϵĴࡣ

ƭֵǾԵĳʵȡ˵Ļһѧҽ
ʶ췹ĵĿţмֿû߼㣿Ļ
Աҽ磬ôķҽ֮ΨһĿǰѲ˸ϵҽȥ

ҽ̷ùҩиü໤ȷط
ʹõҩ뾯滼߲ٷҩʩ췹Цδܽ⣡˵
ǲͰҩȥˣզ죿̷Ҳ磬ҩ̥ø
ǲҪи̷̥רҵ̽50Ч
ֻ20Чӷ߼ҩһԣ˵Ȼ²
ҩ˻ôѰٴֿһأTMDʲôɫҲҳԼҽ
˭ࡰҽĲˣᵶʮذ˻أ

һٴ׾ٵ⣬Щҽװģͷʹǳ
Ż⣬ûһǰҽѧ֪ʶҩһԾͳԻˣ
ǻõųЩϸҽôȫµ˶ɵ
ӰʲôҽѧԺҵģðǰѧѧﻯѧԼ
רҵʦŪ࣬ƷƷҲô˸

ҽѧȫ֪ȫܣҽѧһſѧʵѧʣغֻغԣ
ҽþѰϢеԾߣҽҩһӴһ
ЧѾߣⲢζſۿѧĳʵԭֻͨҪ
һȷ͹ˣҽȷȴѧ
ҽѧԭʵûȷһؿɳܣûʸΪҽ

(XYS20080410)

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ϰҩǸʲôĹұ䷽

    ߣ

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䷽ģҲȫ˽ǣ1950ڣйںлУ
ʲӵ߾ʲϰҩطʱµĴˡ
׸ҵģ֪ΪǲǸʱڳĲھǰ
ҩϰҩ

    طΪˣͳ˹ܣֻ˵˹ҶӵвƲ
Ȩû˵ȨԡһĹһǹڹҰȫսԷĶ
ϵĶֻӰ쵽Ұȫģ췽ļǹ
ܣֻǼߵܣҵܣйȨԣֻв
ԡϰҩطǼܣȻʱ¹ˣʵ
ϵͬҵܣرִϰҩǾӲɻȱ޿
ʣǹ׬ȡĲƷʱ

    "ϰҩ""ұ䷽"ᷢ䷽ڹİȫ
űܣ˵ܵģ˵ǹܣ£˵
ģ˵ǺģҲǰۿġ
ҩطķߣǴһҳ
http://www.ynda.yn.gov.cn/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=467Կϰҩ
չʱ"ݿҽʿִ"ȵȣѰǸҩϵ
¶һ£ǳ˼

    ⣬"ϰҩ""ұ䷽"ᷢϰҩ
ıҾΪһֲƷοûдģ
Լصϰҩ⣬ΪҩﲻͨƷ
οΪҵ"ұ䷽"ҵҩʼ˵ʷ£
˵£׬ǮŬΪߣ"ұ䷽"
ȥϰҩ"ϰҩ"ȥϰҩ࣬ɵˣ
رҽȥҽҩȫЧı׼ʱرࡢϴ
ˮ˲ݱˡйвҩ˵ʱ

    ҹϰҩʷܷ֪ʶвĵطҶ
ЩǷǳаգӭָ

    PSллҶǰƪµᵽĻشʱ
ظдЩΪͨ˵ҹҽƷĿпҪȵ
£

(XYS20080410)

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ҿƵھɴ29

ߣ΢

ڶƪ˸Ӧ

ߡһЩ˸Ӧ

1ءź֮ۡʼ֮һھɣһ죬
أˣ֮߾֮ӦҰ

ɣʲôָ֮ʲôָʲôôͿʼһأѵ
˵ʲôʲôҪκθݣ

֮ôھأָʲôʵ壿һûʵĸ
ôȥ⣬ʶչ

ǴȻĲôܺᲢֲۣʲô

ô;֮أΪʲô֮ΪʲôǾ֮ɣҰʲô
Χ󣿾Ұ֮ĽʲôΪʲô巽ѵҪվ֮
˵ҰҪ֮˵巽巽ľѵûʵ
ָøõĶ˭ܽ

2ءۡƤӦ죬ӦأӦˣ˽ӦʱӦ
Ӧɣ˳ĿӦǣ˳Ӧ磬˾ʮӦҰ

ɣƤӦ죬ӦأӦˣԼΪƤڱƤ£
Ƥ֮䡣˹Ӧʲô˵棬ӦزǡƤ֮䣬
Ӧ˲ǡ֣ؼѵƤȫſڿӣ
˵˵Ȼ˴ʧˣ˽ӦʱײˡΪܶƪ
˵อӦʱʱһʮʮӦ֮ôֱɽأ
˻ҡìܣ˭ʥ֮壿

ӦҲðɣÿ˵ȫȫӦʲôôӦ

ɣ֪ôϷʲôʵüֵ

˳ĿӦǣԼΪĿݶ֮ʣ۾ֻǵȴģ˵
Ӧ°ɣµĴСɲһһȲһѵ˵۾
⸱ݵȷ࣬಻32ţǾֻ⼸ţ

˵ĺӦ磬Ӧ𣿺Ǿȵģ˶ĴСڣֻ
һΧڲ졢ǳӦԣòСʲ
ô12޷磬΢硢ͷ磬Ҳǿ硢硢쫷磬˿
𣿿ά΢ĺ𣿿Գʱشڴ𣿺֮䣬
Ҫ˵ϵ˵ͬȴû֮
淶Ͷ̼֮彻˲֪пԭ˻
ΪͲ֪ھ׽ʲôˡ

˵ʮ磬˭˵ھļìܡе˵
ʮ磬ģȸģ˵Ƕ١Ұ˵Ұ
ôʮӦأʮλֳɾҰµ
ûǵģ֪ڵҽʦΪ֮Բ϶ǳɵġ

3ءӦۡΪ죬ΪأΪƣΪ
ꣻϣϣ࣬ʵ
֫

ɣȣʲô壬ʲôǣںʲô
ûǺãʲôףû˵ĸоȫſڿӡ
ǵģôϣͱģͨʲôɵģ䵽£
ֳǵˡ

ϣӦָ塣ΪʲôҪ
ϣӦָС㣬ͳһų岻ҪĶ˲
д˾ȷʶֹܹˡ˿ʶˣȴŲ֪Ϊʲ
ô

ָƤ֯ƤӦ죬ƤģʵƤǣ
ȾĺҺͱƤϸ䣬ҪҪϴ裬ǵú
ܡƪߺ͡ءۡûйͨûͳһʶ»
ìܡҲܱݬȫսʥﲡβû
κô

ࡢô֮أ಻Ǿ֮ɣ
İݵȾศ֮٣ǽƢǲޣô
ݵȾ˵ߣк͸ݣкƾ֤ѵſں˵
ѪһǧУôأƪ
ߣǡ˸Ӧһѧɣ߼֮ңʵ֮޳֮
ܽҲ֪ȨǶԴкθۡ



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ķ

ߣҽѧУ

̹ϵ˵ûͶʸģһûΪûʵ
ĺֹסܵĻΪҵ½˿ĵΣĻΪҵ
Ӱ˶ߵȤ

Щ£˵ҽϥ̸ģ

áˡ롰֣Ϊ˽Ϊֱ۵˵һ򵥵ĵ
ζ֪

˽֮ⷽǰ˽ҽ֮ǰҶҽ롰û
˽йѧڽ罻֮ǰҶ罻
绰ǣǣûҽӴѧо֮ǰҶԿѧ
ûȻˣڽ죬ѧУѧϰ˼ʮ꣬ҵ
ʱҲѧ˲鱾֪ʶǣڲٵķ棬ұֵĸ
û

ܳһʱǺܱģ˵֮ġǾ
ʵ֤вʱڲٷֵĸһ˼ˣ
һͨˣұضкܶı֣ܹľԼ
Уܵٱֳ

ǵ꣬ܶĹԱûлҽѧʶΪû
ȻˣڹٳǺרҵģǷǳ˾صģ̷ǰ
˿£ұǷǳ͵ģҲǻž峤ģ
αֳҽ̬ȣ棬治á


ˣϣѧϣţǸͺ
ʱֵһ£ֻҪܹȷʶԼı֣Ѱ
ôʣұҲЩϬ˵Ĭɣ
˼ĸ˷ʽѰ1+1=3ԭʱʲ
ôɲú÷ʡԼԭʼ󣬶ȥǿΪô
أ

ÿ˵ָʱҵĵһӦǣĶԲԣ
ǲĴˣԲȾסԷôʲŰ
й鰡ҵʱ鰡ǵͼεģԭ
ԵģǱҪʶģؾܸģϣȥ
̸šְɣһλʦ۷ݽһ£ᵽ
һ۵------˵ҪֵܱˮƽǷǳõ뷨
ڡǡǡԡûʶͨˣ·
ԡǰᣡҪģһҽʦðüأλҽ
ôʶôţôӦܵǴѰôٲĿ
θֻҪǶԵģȸĴ̸Ŷ֣𣿣

ѧУѧ˵仰

1	ᣨرй൱һʱڣкܶ
棬һܳΪ׷ɡ
2	ŬѧӢŹͨһʵĹʹ
3	ҪԼԶҪҪ˸߳һΡ
4	˼һ˵ĳɾ͵ĴСؼȡһУжʱ
˼
5	ѰһЩĿģЩ˵˼ֵѧϰЩ˵ı
ֵѧϰЩ˵ֵѧϰЩֵѧϰ
סǵ֣ס¼ѧϰǵŵ㡣

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գϴ

̷

ִҽѧбڴͳҽѧϴ֡˺ܴĹףںͽ
ľ޴סȻǶѾ֪ϴֵҪԣʲôʱ
ϴϴ֣ȴ˶֪ġҺͬͥѵ
̸Щҽѧ֪ʶռ鱦ôˣһرЩ
ѧ/ҽѧ˵ʵ̫򵥲ˣ˵
ܵ档

ʶϴҪԵĵIgnaz Philipp Semmelweisҽʦһ
ֲȾҽʦûϴֶģ1847꣨
һӢﴫ˵1845꣬Ӣﴫ12꣬ͬάҲ
ҽԺIIƳƯ׷ϴ֡ʱҽԺһ񼶡
ҽȻЧǳδĹ۵дġĹ۵ǵû
ͬºϼĳϣ˲١ѧˡ1847
ͬFerdinand von Hebraд2ƪģܾ޸еһЩ
۵㣬ܾѧ罻ʹʧȥѧ֧֣ʵʱܶҽ
ϿĹ۵㣩ܵϼKleinڵż֮˵ʱϯŷ
޵ĸ1848ɸʧʱ1849꣨һ˵1850꣩
뿪άҲɣصļ粼˹ѧν̡ⲻ˵ʧ
Ǻܶ໼ߵʧ뿪άҲɴѧ֮ǰȨǻָĹ
ʽڲֻص˴ǰȻڼܵӭ
˺ܶûаĳɹѧƹ㡣ֱ1868꣬ŰĹ
áѶĵдһ顣һεҵҽѧϣ
ڱԼĹ۵㣬ѧʵҲûнĹ۵㡣Ĺ
𾢵ľȻRudolf Virchow 
http://www.onmeda.de/lexika/persoenlichkeiten/semmelweis.html
Щѧɹܸͬ£ʱѶдϴ
֣Ӣдģִҽѧ㽨ʷûС


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ϸűȥˮ˵ൽҽԺҽҽ
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ǵˮǿؼӿģΤ֣һʹáҶִ÷ʽ
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ǵһСŮңԼۼ˾ţյ40.1ȣ
Ǹգûκ֢״ˮʹҩùءVC
ˮһˡʵֻղһʱ䣬ˮ
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