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΢ͬȥҵʹ࣬ʵʹĸԴ
Դ㡣

ͳƧ֮ѰֺͰο۷һ
ڵزɼȻʫ׸㣬ҵĻ֣
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֮ġֵļڣҰİͼ֮䣬ϣһ
֮Ϊһ˿ء

ҵβۺʱҲ޴Ӹı䣬ͬˮ鲻ڶȥĺ
һֺʹǻҲȫĸ裬˿̣ҿģ
֮Ҳ֮

ǴҴҵش鱾ȡ֪ʶѰݵ֮ңȴ
һä۵ĺ֪ͯ㴫ݹһнʹԶ뻶Ц
ҵʹ֪࣬һеʹ࣬ҵĻִﻻȡġ

һԸĳϣϡ͡͡
㡱ʵİظ档

ʮһ

ҲٰѻֵӺ޹˼ɵȥˣڼٵԸÿʱ
ÿ϶ͿҰɫʣֵĻ֮ĵףʹͣϢ
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ĿĲΪ˼ҵı̵һƳ

ĽķسѾ˻ݵķҷҰľĬƬտ֮أܵ
λʱԸѳֿǵĿ
Ϊ˼ҵı̵һƳ

ʮ

Ϊʲô޾İĻЦҵ˵ʹô
Ļս糱ӿĸǣϢشԽ£ĵÿ
һ֮أ

ĬĬ˵޵ıʹలסĻ
䡣

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ԡůУҽһڵʱ䡪ݵһ˲
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ذΧţھ޴ĿУӵЦӡ

ʱҿݵİײ磬ڴĻԽ޾һ


ʮ

ҲԸִ˵Ļ֣بŲѤĳ
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ȻһеĻָ֣ͨĽɫҸ֮ءȱУ
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ߣˣҽⲻִĻʧҰ

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Ԩڵҹһҵ߷ɣΪȡĸ飬
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صһпˡ

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ΧһֻɵСҲͣ绮һʺ磬
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׶տĽУڽɫᲨϢģƮҶ
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ġ


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һŰצ˲ռæ񣬿е
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аֵŴˣ籾س֮Уոշһ
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سڵĴ󻧳̼ҵĶ˳;ٱɱѾȥˡǳ
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ع۲졣

ΤСĵظں˵Ŵˣ˵̼ǰЩʦ


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ոս͵סȴһŮ⺰

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عҪܺصĴģҪְٰɵÿ˿Τ

Τؿһۣ;ٵİӡŮ
͵ȥ

ϣ͵һڵصүл


Τŭ˴֮ϣȻ㽲ʱ򡣡

͵ŲԸߣﺰǽѶΪ֮

Τл۽ϻߵ͵µǰʵ
㷽˵ĸôģ

ǰү׻˵Т޺Ϊ󡣿ʮǰѳɻ
ʮ֮ã˵ӣŮҲûСȢӣкӶ
֮ʨãСֻÿ˼ҶãԼϥ̿գ
֣֮˵͵ĨһᣬֵҶ
ҺһԡȴŮӵһȢһ檣
ȻһŮزʣǧҶʱţ
ȥҡǩǵͬǩҸֻýӵϣҵϡ
Ȼļǿƴ檡ǽѾͷշҲ
¾͵ˡҿϷɣӡ
Ҫ͵͵Ƹң֪©˷ڼ˸ֺֽ
־ݣҡҸһŭ֮£˵ҪȢ
ɣһ粨ƽϢҸȻȢţȴԺš
иңӲãз֮¡УҲΪ
һʼԸӦҸ˵Ѿˣܵ
˺󡣵ԣøҶףȢ˸ĸҪί
һΣȻⲻȥҲû취¡˵Ҫ¹
ʵҲЩ⣬¹󣬾Ӧˡ͵˵ˣ
ѾǱߵ½Ҳ޳һˡ

ΤգĬ˰βŵһ֮׮ְһ
̰һ鰸Ŵˣ˵Ӹΰأ

ǸȥְĹ٣ΤȴǸֹܵع٣Ǹ°ӣ
ΤҲָ㡣Τ֮ʳ仰
ΤæôŵĺͿȥҲñסΤԼĶ
ͬʱҲ֮̾飬棬еϧ˸˳ˮ
̰֮֮鰸Щ˼Ȼ͵˵
֮㸸½ûз֮ʵҲ֮⼸ղ
Τү˰ԭί֮󣬷ж

Τˣ֪ǸԼһ̨£ģԳ͵º
϶˵ȥɡ

ߵͷҪȥȴյ͵£
ס£鰸ʹô

͵µ˾סҳ̼ҵҡ̾ʰһ
Ժ



պǮôżס˳̸ߵһԺ

һİ飬һʮˣȻʲôͷȴ
һĳ̺Ĺ¡ԹպǮڵ£̸
;ٵİӡ

Ǯøյһ裬˹ȥЦ̼ô
ģӣūҲų̺լ¡Ҫɱˣ
ŴҪϹˣ

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ҿô򵥡Ȼظ£ȫôеģ

Ǯôһ񣬽жŵĲ豭µ˲˵֮£
辫ɣô

Ǽٹ˵Ӷǳ̸µġ
ԹʾˣͿɰежƵˡ

ոո˵գ۽˵ϵĶӳ̱

ɵʹˣôʲô

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նԲ۵ա

ȥһһԼֻʮ꣬ȴ
ʮָߴ׳ʵźĸһԲ۾ȴĸ׵С۲ͬ
񣬾⣬ϱŨصüë

ߵͷȻ̧ͷϴү˵ˡ
ΪҸԩģǧ˵

ջͷһα˽ϴүݸ
̼СŮĶӳ̱˵ɣǶ֮٣òô
ء

ֿ̱˸ͷվϴүҵǱ˺ģ
ġϵİӺãֻΪҵԩ

ڰѾ̱ĸ׳̺ҲҵĵŮ
ǰɽϱˡ̺ɽһ
ס˵̺Ǳĵطˮԣסȥ·
ԹȻ˵Ҳ˻಻Ϊ⡣һ
˵̺Ǳ˺ģ׷ʵƾʲô˵
㸸Ǳ˺ģгô

ҵǸˣΪ˺ƹãǫѷسǣûһ˵
õġĺˣôǴ

Ǯ̾Թź˻ô㻹Св֪˼
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ƽ֮£ȴأ

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һףʱվڷɽԶδ硣ҿǸ
ףһ˰ҵ

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˵ҵ˾˶Ǻܶ⣬רеϢ
⣬ܹسҲͲˡ⹫İѴ󶫼ҵλӴҵǰЩ
Ҳһֱ⹫ĵƹҿ˾ıҲʹ󶫼ҵλã
Խҵ

˲ɵ´һ̱ķ͸۲
ϸĶ꣬ǲ򵥰ͷ
ҲΪǱ˺ô

ֻ˵Լ࣬Ҳ˵¡֮
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Ϊʲôǰأ

ǰֻʮ꣬ҲԸ١˾
١ǵ˹٣֪񳯻ܼܲõϴү

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ãҴӦӡ˰˵ȷü׺
ĵһΪ㱨ɱ֮𡣡

ڶ죬ձԲ鰸ѰҪ¿ʬΪղǵط
٣ҪΤ濪Ʊ֪̼ͨˡ

ΤҪʬֵŴˣΪǳ̺
Ĺô

յ̺ǰ׻һһ˹ɱҪס
Ϊų̼ӻֽţֻýѰ󰸵塣

Τ˵Ҳ˵ӡʱǨʱ䣬ʬ
ѻ˰׹ǣλأ

ѡ׻ɫƣ򢿪ɢۼϼ
ԺԷ࿪ֵĹͷΪ֮ɫȴˡ
Ǳҩˣǻɫڻɫףжദ֮Ǽ
࣬ʬǶҪӹͷϱ׻Ǽ׻ģ
¡

Ŵ˽Щ¹ٻͷһ˵ȻǳʶˡΤ
˹Ʊ֪̼ͨҪѰѡ˿׵ӣ¶ʮտ
ʬ

˵ĴϣһҪĹʱ䶯ˡ
ʮգ̼ҵĹأѾΧ˿ֵˡԭһƬӲݴ
ķصأһȴе֡س֮ϣ䣬Ħࡣֱȸ
𡢽ӱϼһ㡣ΤһͬĹأȼ
񣬱˽Ĺ򿪡

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ȥһɲǣǼ׳ͬؾһһΧ۵İ
Ҳһ

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ʶġ׳СһΪǹˣ׷׺ˡ

ȴ߹ȥʵʲô£

һ׳ܹŴˣһڿչײġײﲢʬǣ

߹ȥȻǿڿչײġ졢ٱ
õطڹڡղģڹ˰졣ֱ
ȴһ

ǶŹϸһǹ账һǣɫס
䲻ʮֿ϶̺ȷпǱüġ



¶ʮһգɽһưܵԺ䡣̺סı

ľౡǮڶϱڲԫ֮С

Ѿ˸ߵݣϲ١Ѿˣ
ƴŤšǽź̦޺

ǮСĵ߹⴦ư֮أյʦҿ̺
һǳ͵ɡ

Լã

ʬ屻ߣһ֤飬ΪҪʬ

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֮£شˡֿеκһˡʬ
ߴµǿǣΪɱ˵һ֤ݡ

ͣ½ŲָԺеһӵǺǣҵһ֤ݡ
ǵģٿǱǽݵשʯϷɡ׵
ӦǴ»Ὣשʯݶ֮أ׵Ҳڵ
´ӡЩ󷴶ǻҩըܹɵġҪγô
Ҫʮҩ

ǮÿǸӣѾֻҵõôѧ
Ϊ̵͵ɱȽϴЩ

ƶһûдǻ׽һ֤ݣ
ҲҪֵĺβѾ¶һЩˣûп
ô

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ҷʵѾ˵ˣʮҩһôҩˣ
ȿŴҩ뵽عٸɣһһֻܰһΡ
ԣֻܰһɣһλҩֻҪҵһʮҩ
ˣͿ˳ϣҵ֡飬鷳Τϵȥ졣

ʮҹ

ʹ˰ҹǰļֻƣǰյͨ
СμҴҵĴӰҹֳһֱߵǰС
պǮ÷ֱӽ߳

һӽ˽ȥһֱߵôԺΤӭ
ŴˣķԸ˵áеҩ˲࣬һ
ֻʮļҡֻôһһʮĻҩһ˵ţһ߽
ӭУȻ۵ҩͷ

һһԴӵ˱Τյ
Ŵˣҵ£Ѿˡ±߾Ϳϰˡ

յͷͷʲôʱҩģ

³

˽ʲô֣ˣ

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Ϊμǵô

ˣûĻҩһҲʮһ
ʮӡ̡к壬ҽ壬ҲǼü
ġ

ʲôˣ

̸һˡ

ΤŴˣˡըҩǷ˹ܼҼֳɵ
ͷ˺Ⱦ׻׳ġֳȴؿƿײ
ڷ硣

ֳؼĺߣɱ̺ס

ŴˣɫѾˡ˽ֳɾеϣһʱɵʵ
죬λЪҵĸаɡ

ٻس̸ҵĸҲ㣬ǽʹˡ

Ŵ˲Ҫ

ڶգ³һ

Լîʱ̵ʱ糿룩ո𴲵
ԺһæҵĽŲҪʣȴһܽŴˣ
ү롣

ʲô£

˵ǳֳ̼װˡǱġ

˭

ǳ̼ҵĹܼҼֳɡ

գõϡ



װֳڷ֮ڡֳһμǾ˵ơ

ɢŨصĳζǰļյš
¯еѾȼҰ׵һ¯֮СöİҲ
һֻֻ̨̨ȼһİܼҼֳɵʬڰǰ
һץǰ½һֳֻȭ״沿ʮʹֲı飬
г亹ĺۼһԵɫպۣҪȳ;ٵǵ
ǳöࡣһزøڶ˴Ķһֻմ
ѪʯһԡߵĶͷзûĺۻӶѪ
Ⱦˡ

ʬȻû˺ۡҲڲͻȻʲô
ĶܾŶ

ʲô˵Ŀ£ֲĶ˵ȴ첻
κε˺

ѵиĹꣿ

صվڷС׻иող鵽ˣ
ƾһʬ塣ӵİ鶼Ӹӡ

ǵڶ˵ıǰ
ʹУʱӷһΣһʧˣ

ΤһĬŹѵ֣飬ҽҿ
Ŀɡ

ĬţĿҲţ䵽̨֮ϡɲǼ䣬
һ֣һ㣬éٿߵ̨ǰָ̨
ǮúΤԭڴˡ

ǮúΤ߹ϸ̨ȴʲô

ռԻһЦ̨Ÿң˶


Τʵ̨ԣŴ˲ҪŪˡ

ս̨ȡߵſʾֳִһű֣
ʤһЩ㲻ú߷Ƕ䲫ˡֳɲȻ
˽̨ݵط˰֮ϡ˵ʲôأ˵һ
ɷǳϤɱֳ֮ǰһһЩҪͼֳ˵ġԱû
ɱ

ͬϴγ;ʱҲͬһ̨ݵߵ˰
߷¡Ȼ󣬹һ⵽Ϯġϧһȴûע⵽
ϸڡ

ˣ˶ʱãѵصʱ䶼ɺô
ҲһԼ˳;ٺͼֳˡ;С檺˵
ҹΣֻһдǶѡ

;ٺͼֳҪ˵ʲôأرǼֳɣڳ;ٱԸ
ðգҹƧլ֮Уһʱɱᣬֳɵ
Ҫõʲôʧȥʲôһץ˶˵ʲôѱ
˼еǰ

Գ;ٺͼֳɵֻܴĦôˡ֣һҪ֪
öһЩϴװ֮ʱѾƳ߱ضǳ̸еˡ

ˣ

ȷˣŮǲôġһŮˣǲ
Լġռװ鵽ƶ
һʸеλ̵¾ٺͼֳԼˣһܹл˽
˵ܵˣһһҪ´˶صˡͬʱ
ĳ̼ˣֻ

̱Ǯѿڶ

г̵͡Τ

һˣû˵ǳ̵͵Ķӳ

ΤʵΪУ˭أ

Ҳ֪ϣˡòҪǳ̱



³壬ѾʼԶɽϴΡ
õĺ԰ڣӻǮͲסȣѾɴӣ
ҡӡʱ·ǮáΤڻ԰СС

ŴˣǮϵܣǲЩӡɲʲôûУ̵͡
ͳ̱У˭пأ

ǮýһգݺݵһĵЩʱ˳̸
Լ̸е⸮ˡȻҲ˲¶ȴԽԽ
˶пܳΪ֡

˻

սĿһֻתеĻƻأ̼϶
;١ܼҼֳɶ̱ɱ֮𡣶̱Ȼֻʮ꣬˸
Ӵ׳ֺϰ䡣Ҫɱ˶ˣ

̼ϴ͵£һֱ;ٲرڼҲìܸ
˳ٳٲּңΪòּҲֶҪ̼
Ĵ󶫼ңѡܼҼֳȴһ϶
ٵġ͵ҪˣΪԼϴ󶫼ҵλȥʯҲ
пܵġ

ΪɱˡܼҼֳŮŮѾޣСŮ
ʮˣǴ޵䡣ǰõ罺ᣬ
Է롣ڳ̼ѾԣҪȢҪȢҡ
⵽󷿡ͼּ˵ķԡҲȢң
շѾͷҲԡر϶;٣Ȼͼһ
ӣһŮȴǷԵֳΪ֣Ȼ
Ƶĺûᣬȴƣóӽв֪ԣ
ơƽԹԸƧжɡΪ̼Ψһ
ӣֱ簮רᣬҪҲǲܡ

Ǯ꣬ӿڵѧΪС

Ц˵˵

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гĸ׳͵ºĸ׳̿ϣ̼Ҷһ檡̼ҵ̫̣
ĸסظ£˳һңȫ˵Ե
ǰԼȫҺͼּȫҶɱ⣬ȻѳɴԵġɥĲ
Уȫˣһôƾ
Ӧô޴

յͷʦǮõ֣ԭҲ
ÿ̸ʱܼ溬ɱ¶⣻֮п̱Ѷ
ףԹ֮ԱܾЩԾԲ׷Ļ
ɡ

Τһֱϸţֹס˽Ųô˵ʵǳ
͵̱ǳ͵ҲͰˣǳ̱ô͵
Ҳɱ丸ı֮һµ⡣Ƚ˶
˷ֱԷһ

Τ˵ˣ԰ŶҴҵĽŲһܹ
үүַ̼һ׮

Ǯҡŵ͵ͣˣΤ˵˵ˡ
ȴ˵ܼҼֳɵŮ˳̸УҲǱ
ġ

ˣһ



һǰβͬʬ̱һŻľ֮ϡȻǱ
־壬Χûĺۼ·Ҳûκ
ۡ

һòļ˰ֲóΪĶǣΪʲôһȴ
ڰɱأΤʵ

ɱġճ˵

ΤǮöһ㶡һͬʵôã

ֳʮָɾ룬ϡȻʹ࣬ؽҧ
ͷأܿóǰǿʹ֮״

ôɫЩոոɽĺաΤʵ

ǰҲһֱֱԻ󣬰˼⡣ûзô
;١ֳɺͼʱץز½󣬱ʹ֮״ھ֮Σ֫
ӲǷ촽ָײܾ֮Ĳ԰ɫͷȴʵɫЩ
֢״˵һֶҩٷļ£Ķ٣ֶ֢֮ҩʵ
ܳǸӡԸӶв˷º̷Ӹ
ᴿõͷȴ˰ٱϣ˷ҩ֮һӣ
ӣڣָ֮䣬

ǣļ£ϳ־ֵı顣

Щ˵ȷһЩǺµĶء
Ķܾܿͷ˵գֽʬƽƵذ֮
ϣʬָߵ

Τʵô˭ôҩأǳ̱ﻹǳ͵£̺
ֵ֮˵

Ǯýӻһǳ̱˵ǳ̱ɱ;ٺͼֳɣ
˵ùȥ̱һϵûУô⺦أ˵ˣ
ɱôһ֪ĵӵڷ֮ڣ
ķ¶ҩأ

Τôֻʣ³͵ˡ͵³Լ󶫼λõľߺ
Ϊ˶ӵĻӴѼҲˡδĹڵ
ȻƴǡǱ͵ƭ˴ҩҩԷ󣬼Ȼ
ࡣΪ˱ȫ丸͵µʹδȺ


մʱֹͣߵվ˵ǹ˼̼ҵ
ڷ֮˲ǳ͵£ǳ͵µĶӳ

ǮΤͻȻֵ˵ҾȻǳ
Щϡһؿա

ЦҷĴʬ֮º£ʯȻ
ж֮񡣼Ǵ̥ô˭ʹ֮أ

Ǯѿڶ

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һᡭ˵ס˿ڣΤΤϵܣ
ѳԼ˵ɡ

ʮ

ɱڵϰͷ˵ó
룬ԼҲʮֱʹ

ɱҩġУĶ;ٺ͹ܼҼֳɣ
ҲǱǿֶҩġΪν˶ɱ˳̺
壿ʵ

СĲ֪˵ʲôȻɱΪҪҸҩ
ܵԾ塢йܼҼֳɱԩ޳Ȼ˷
Ļ£˽ˡΪʲôȴ֮

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۵ķ䣬Ƕѹô

ѹˡ˵ķԸǿɵҩ衢ҩۣѾˡ

ҿ

һ۽һҩж˹򿪣Ȼϸһ
һȭͷҩƿ

صҩ裬СĵһᡣЩҩԼ϶ôɫ
ʺ죬޵˺¡

ʲô

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㻹һЩҽҩǲ̫ˣɫޣ
ǲ̫ˡȻżҩ͵ҵ潫£ˣ
һˮ

һˮڳǰĵذϡ

һʺҩݵС

ҩᷢ

ս۾ʵһҩҩ

ԥ˺һͷ˲亹

е˶ڶųǿ޺Ѫҩ衣

ͻȻЦֺѣֺϧҲ̰
ȴó̼Ůǳ֮Уƾ׵رڹȥ;
ͼֳȻˣ̼ʣµŮҪǵĻжܳͷ
ţһδŵļ

ʮǰѾʮȴһŮĳ͵ܼҼֳɵӼ
Ϲɼ顣

͵˵η֮֮࣬к
ԼǸûõˣҪͽӣԴ¾Ȼϣҡβ֮
¡͵µӳ̿ϣȲó͵ȢС檣ֲ͵黨
ݣҪһӣܸ̼Ҿ˺ҲֻöԴһֻۣ
һֻۡڷˮзˣҲ̼
¡

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ӸţΪ̺ʵΪӡԼȴڼмٳƻСϹȻ
Ϊ̼һСӡ֮󣬱㱻̿
ԼĶӣȡ

һвû϶;١Ȼ˼һŮӣ
Բġѧ˴磬Ҳ編ƣ˼ֳɺô˼ϣ
żϵ֮࣬ҲԼӡ

첻Ըϻ̥;ٵװδӣ
ȴŮ;ֻü˵ŮزֳֵۣŮ

ʮ󣬼ֳɵĴŮޣСŮʮ꣬ͤͤ绨
񡣳Ҳʮˣ೤һСӡͬһദվã
顣˺ɽˣһȢһޡ

׮׵ĻȻе֪˷ԡСڳ̼ұ
˳ţƽһ⵽Ǽе˶վԭ
͹ƧеԸܵǿҵĴ̼ţ㲻һе͵
顣

һ͵飬ǱϷˡʹظ࣬ϣ
ҪҼ

֪ԼŮˣһԼμ׵ŮˣȻ
ԼáͬһĸףǸԵĸֵܡ

һĿһУĸ԰ŵĳ̼ҴүȴһΪ
׷

ˡ

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֡

еĳ޶е;ٺͼֳɵϣһֱһˡ

ǰһżȻĻᣬʶһòƳ̺ˡ̺
׺Ͷƺ£ĸ׳̿Ҳ˽⵽һһ
ƻ˳ʶľУԺ

ÿ춼Ҫʱദϸǻ˲Ǯ
Ϊ֪ˡˮ֮󣬳ļƻò̺
Ƶװɳ̺Ĺ꣬ȻɳһὫ͵¡ֳɶƭ
ɱЩжƵ̺ϡ

ʮšɽ㡱ʱ򣬡ꡱڳ̼Ůǰ¶棻
³壬ꡱڳİ»Ϸ̨˿
ߡ

ţһѪ㿪ʼˡ

;͸¶Լ֪ϵĹϵԴҪЮ
ҪʮҹõԼҪ̡;Ϊ
Ҫ̸飬ֺ³鹫,
С檺˸ѣ档

û뵽ǣһ㽫˸Ѫͷе
˵;һԾҪ뿪ӺӵĴ
ס;ƴ̺Ĺ߽
;ٱһʱ򣬳ûͷС
ꡱһס;٣ǿ¡Ǿ˳;
ֳ

編ƣֺ͡ꡱͬķɱ˹ܼҼֳɡͬ
ǣֳ󣬳òʯĶͷ˼ӡ

³ģʧļҵԼеϢ
Ȼ׵Ľв֪
áǣ³彫Լãͷ

ʮһ

ֵ̼ܵķ绯Τ֮ǰװʵǰʵ
֪¡ΤȻܵ⣬δ֡ã
ɱˣҲû¶̺Ǹ˵ݡ͵
绯ȥ˹ʮ永˵ȣ˵˱㲻׷ˣ
˵ǸٺΪ̺ͬ㰴ų̺ǰµĻӰ
һ˵ӣЭ飬ͨ׽á

̺׻ȻѾǳֵ̼ܺͼֳͬıΪڼֳɱ
ɱˣȥҲ͵֤ݣֻա

ת¹ȥˡ

£ĳʱ֡һ꣬¸
ͣôŷǽߣŴģƼ͸Щ⣬
ʵӡǮ鷿ڿ̣ǲֻ鷿ڣʱ
ʱžž

Ǯ̶ˣЦʦվտѧʵڲǶ
֡ݿء÷סءԾ

հӣʱ壬Ϊʤ㿴Ҽ꣬
ӣЦ仨ȻԵáҰס
£ҶڹٳܲģôҪ鷿ȥ
ʲôأ

ǮգƵʦ㻯ɵ

˵ŻԶԶ֮дغȡ

ǮòϤ˭

ҲϤ

ʱִɡ߽Ժֱߵ£ɡˣյ
ү̸ĳ͵·ˣڽȥðҶӡȥƣ

շӣһֵ̼̾޲ţ̺
жֵ˳̼̫үʶǳֵ̼Ϊ˶ҵռ
ӣıɶơû뵽ȥ̼ҵмҲջֻ
̺Ķӳ̱ֵֻ̼ø˲գѡ˵գվ
Ŀȥֳ̾䣬ɲǷԵԵġ
һнжǿ󣬱Ǵ

Ļ䣬ͻȻƾһεǰһƬĲҰףűһ
ըף쳹أǴӿйһƵģԴΣ


աǮú͸ֶЩ£ȴܵһ
ƵܽүСĸմӽϻŵǸ
˽һ˰

ּæʵ˭

˭̼ǸԱ͵£

Ǯöһۣˣ

ͻȻˣưƵģž죡

һֻǮʦ˵Ķ԰䣬ɲ
ԵԵġһнжǿ󣬱Ǵ


һӵж

ڻ


һʿҪսɳǻص硣


1

⹫һɱȫʶ½еġһɱȴǾ
׼˵ĻǵҪɱˡ

˲ǱˣԼ

Ҫ˵һɱԼѣֱ̫ˣֻҪ¶Ĳ
ϻˡЩҲȷʵÿþͻһԼŪԼ
úܣϵ¡ͶӡײǽѻƬҧͷĨӵȵȣһ㡣
ÿһַݣʵʩûжʹ࣬⹫ȴмڷ
֣һΪЩ̫ƽ棬èһò׳ң
Ժǡ

ݲ

⹫ԼƵʽʵǳؼ򵥣ʵʩһӵ͸
ţ⹫Ҫһֺҵ׼ȷ˵Ҫһ˵
ӡ⹫Ǿˣ϶Լһˣ

о˵ʽ

õĹ޾սսһ˵壬ɾһ˵Ĺ
ͻԻ͡ûս⹫źȨûս
⹫ֻѡһӵ͸ţ˱;˵ӡ

ӵֳɵģ⹫ʱشϣҲǹҲ
һϾõǹǲǹСʱõ
ǹҲҲʱȨոճû꣬һؽ˷
ƴѹÿÿǹԶϽɻǱѲȥˣ
µϵҰⵡ棨꣩Ⱥԣ׻꼸û
ϵճɣկĵҲҰⵡûׯ
ڹϡõġЩҰҡڵ﹡ϣļѼһĴ
ݡҲûа취ʱＸҼһˣ
ˣһЩ˾ͻǹᣬХɽ֣ں涨
κһӻ㱨⹫һܺûèׯ
ʱ͵͵شһǹĵľݵĵʯ»

Ҽ⹫ӵ

һƵҫ۵Բ׶εĶһ糤ȷе˵һ
ϵӵֻһͷΪһӵѾĳĳĳյ
ĳһʹǹȥˡ⹫ǰӵҲ
⹫ͷӵ⣬Ϊʱ̫Сˣ꣬
ȸеޱԵ¶֪Ҳһĺӣ
ֲӵ͵ͷֻ֪Ƶ÷Ķǹйأɱˡ
һ֪⹫൱ϲӵ˭Ҳûмź
ĸסǶ֪ϴôһӵ⹫ֻû˵ʱ
ӵʱطͣʱֽ߬߬
ǺʱУȻȵؽס
ãǿҵ⣬⹫Ժӵƺʱӵպ
û߲ʵĹâҫۡҺ⹫һӵ
켣ſӵһĸ߶ȺЩ߲ʵĹâͻʱɢ
͵øϽ۾ۣӵѾ⹫
˯Ӥһİ

ҸеĪؾ

ʱ⹫ǰӵﷴͣص
ﲻͣص赸ǵֵĻһ֣ʱҲ˫
ӵȥȻٴ
˲ƣ⹫ôȥĵȻΪ˺棬һӣֶֻΣ
϶Ŀġʹ⹫һӵʲôϵȥģ⹫ɫ
صظңڳӵ˵ʱֻԵÿնãȻ
۾ͻȻ˸ѩĹâȴһǧصʯĥ
ģһׯ¡

˵꣬⹫ֻʣ

һӵ׵أ

Ϊ⹫ңҡͷ˵֪

⹫ְӵ˼£۾Ĺâ
ȥ

óӳһ£ұȻ⹫

ûôĳӣ⹫Ҳҡҡͷ

ҲظƣΪʲôѽʲôܳƵġ

һӵһ⹫̾Ϣһɵӣܳ

Ҿʹ⹫

⹫ĻҸǲˡ˵ĻʱĪ⣬ʱĪ
û̹ҲͲȥ⹫⻰ʲô˼Ҳ벻׵ġ

⹫ڰӵʱһˣһһ
ƺϣһֻҪ΢һ춯⹫ͻӵѸٵ
൱һ˵ĳٶֻۡһΣ⹫ʵ
ˣפèׯӵӳƿԺŽʱӵУ
ӵĹӳѾ߽ƺˣ⹫ҪֽסĻ
϶͵ñ¶ȴûһĻң򶨵һ죬ͷӵ׼ȷ
Ŀ

ӳֻǰһ⹫ʲôѽٺ٣е㻨
۾ѽ

⹫ƽ˵һ϶

˵껹졣

ӳŽɵģȴҲ׷ˡ

ҾǴʮֵس⹫ġ⹫򶨡ǣҲ
ݵ֡ʱԵظо⹫ʲôģҾ⹫Щ
ܷ·ģһèׯͷһƽ
ˡ⹫èׯȴûһ֪ģź
ĸסèׯֻ֪⹫һǽǰӼһسèׯġ
⹫һҳèׯʱ͸ǰסڼԶһس
ǼҼûլԺҲûеӶˣֻסºӽֵһƷ
ϴˮ֣ŰǮ˼ҷ첹һԺڶաȻΩһ
Ů޵èׯ͹סˣûˮϷˣûֻ
ƤͶŮŮաҸҲ˵ġèׯҲ
Ųɣ⹫һֲʵǹͭɫģȫƤҲǹ
ͭɫģһ֪ûɹܹȻСȴʮ
أֻϸ滻ԣӵĺۼ
ûžͰˣʱﻹǮ˵ãèׯ⹫һҪʲ
ôв׼ͲŮӳ޵ˣӳᵽ
ס󶼲ͰͰˡ⹫ſ
Ҳһɵӡ

һسǣҲ˵

ʵһжǼ⹫˵˵ǡźĸײǰ
̺˵ıиˡΪʲô˵Ǵĸģ
⹫Ĵ֮ˣ˺˵ľֹϰǲͬ
ģһ֪ɡ

⹫ŵĵҲþĸ֪Ҳࡣ⹫
о̣ʮǰû״Ϲʮ˸졣⹫
־Ҳǲ֪ġ٣֪ĲҸࡣ

ܹ֪֮Щ⹫׿ڶҽģ˵ʱ
һһ˵Ҫ˵ǣرңҲΪС
ܹΪܣΪһư͡Żƣǳʶ⹫ʵ
Ϊ˵Щġ꺦һ˺Ĵ󲡣
꣬һҽ˺üвҩǳԴʲô
ҩú˵ˡȫèׯ˶϶ҳһưͣ
ûκһ֪ҴͿʼػָֻһֱѻ˵
ԲѽѽġֻƲΪֻ˵ҵļԾرغã
ܶʱĶԻǵú

Ҳףʵ⹫ǽģǽԼġ⹫
ڻ䡣Ҳ⹫ʱͣһֱڿܻ䣬Ҽһ
˿ʼͣػ䣬Ǿ֤ѾˣѾҪˡ

⹫Ȼ߼֮

2

ʮ֮ǰ⹫һֱèׯٶԶһɳСɽ
Ǹطڷءèׯͬһطݣм仹
ǡɳҲɱһ˵˼ɽˮĵطһ
ϿһǶͬɽ£һӲ󣬵ȴ
ˮ峺ܼӵ׵ˮݺ㣬һҲǴɽɽҪ滺
һЩһһһɽ¾һկӣÿկӶҲòԶ
һߵĵľ¥ʧϿһ顣

ɳϿһСկӣнٻ˼ҡҪֵغʹ
Ϊ⹫ϿеĸϿĶأռ
֮һҾʵ⹫ĸףҲҵ̫⹫Ͱ
ͽ˽ѧá⹫ʴϻۣĿȴһȤҲûС
ȤǸɳɽԡ˳ѧȥԡʮһ꣬
ԼװһǹɽѰ͸һ
һ黨ɽӴһɫϸ߸ݵͷѾ
̫״ˣҲŻ޼£⹫Ȼأϲʱ
ɽȥʱȥ⹫ɽҰеģһȥˡ
ԼװǹѧҲǿڼϵģʱҲҪڻ
ֹΣ⹫һĺӣֻһδӲ
ͷƤ̫״

һȥ̫ʱ̫ˣ˵һʮ
ܲһʮС𣿹ܲ˸ɴˡǸ˽ѧ
̫ʰģȨʱԸһλλֻø⹫ƨ
ɺ治ͣȰ˵ȥ顣Ž̰壬һɽƬȴӲ
⹫ȥ⹫СһҲ˵ʮһġ
̫һȢ˲ķ̫̫˲ʮһŮʮһ
ĸϵ⹫һԴڽӴĶ磬ɼ⹫ʲô̶ȡ
̫·ɺ»ܴġɽת˼Ȧ
ʱ⹫ǹȴˣһҰ
ӣ棬ϸСҲŵȸصͷ
ˮҲȥˡһ䵽̫ƸʱҲûֱ

󣬾Ҳò⹫ػΪһ֣
ֱԲض̫˵һȥӾ϶ܳΪһλ


̫û˵ʲôݺݵضһۡϽˣ
̫д˶ΩһĶǰ;ǡ

⹫飬ڵġ˺üҲ
ˡĳ÷سʽѧã̫Ǹͼʸʱֵ
ˣ˱ӺͰѶȥʽѧãʽȻıһ
ְ⹫ܻɳسûҰɴ⹫÷š

⹫ʮʱѾɳԶһˡͬ
үе㲻ȴʵ⹫һְٲ鷢ĺ
ǹڱܡԾȵĿҲܼģ˵ڵɳ
⹫ܹ׽һֻ׳Ĺ¹

⹫ʮ죬һɳ١Ǹ
ˣҲ⡣ѾϰΪˡȻɳҼһǹ
û˭뵽ҪһǾܡ⹫һҲһģ
ȱ˻Ҫܵÿ졣ΪץǼҵκһˣǾǵһ
㣬ҪһġΪˣǼһרм򣬸Ҫְ
Ǵʱҹںµߴ磬һ౨š
һ죬ȫկüɳҲֻ·ߣǴӶǴ
·źӰںϵĸܾ۵ףԻδʧְġ

ÿδһ죬ܰҹ⹫Ⱦܡܵñ˭졣ҵ
̫ȻǲҪܣη̧

һ⹫ˡҲЩÿһ궼ҪܼΣ֡ˡ
Ϸ塣ҲĸšˣƢˡһ˳谮
ĺƢġ⹫ʱġ֮һ·Ͳ
ˡʱûկӣһ˵ƺһƨǸƺ
պ÷һΣҪЪһϣ
ǹϥͷϡ⹫ߵĶҪǹģװҩˮţǺ
װӵݴӡ

կ˶ܹˣ⹫һֱǼ˵ƺϣ˫ֱ
ǹһ

Сʱˡ

⹫˵һɱ˱κһɱһֻҰ޵ľ붼ҪŻ
ԶǼ˵ƺһصͰǽһ⹫Ǹ
ΪĻӦÿõƺ⹫ģҲܹõǹ
Ǵˣԭܿɳ٣û
ֿ

⹫һǽֳһİͷһ˱ֱǹܣҲû
̧ǹڳǿͷ­һǹôľ⹫ôһôп
ʧأһǹ׼ȷشǸ˵̫ѨϷ

ƽʱԲͬǣһ⹫ûԼǹֻһƬ
ڶɫп˵ͷ­ϿһܴѪǶѪ
ڿ֮һԽǽƺˣ⹫е
ǵȶȡ⹫ôҰ޵ѪҪ࣬ҪоһЩ쮵ô
ôԶ

⹫һҲסˡ

ǹΧ˹⹫ɵĽк̤̤
ĽŲһӾѹˣ֪ˡ㡣ɳ
˶˸ݲͬʱǴӲģͳšô
Ҳûãһ˻÷ľ

⹫һϴţôľ˨Ѿǽϳǹ
ˡҿҲƵǹ򲻴ǿ鱡ľĴš⹫Ͷ
·⹫һǹһ׼ǹһ죬͵һ˵ͷ­Ͽһ
ܴܺÿĺ컨ҲóȻȥʵ⹫Źһǹ
ҩװʱܳҪһ֮ãȫлγ
ԣʱȥ׽⹫⹫ԼܿҲ뵽һ㣬еϷ
ˡȥͱɡʱ䳤ܻ뵽϶
ġ⹫뵽ܣӺܽݺƬһ֣
ˣᳵ·ģһӾܵòӰˡ

⹫ӵɽϺ󿴵կŨ̹֪ЩΪץ
կķݳˡ⹫ҲͲһؼˣ˼ɽȻ
תߣ˷سǡ

⹫ڰŴһɳ֪ˣ
Ҳչɳеķݡ֪̫Ϊ˸˽׮
ӣ˶ĻǧĶϺõˮ˵
ͱǻͽһţ̫һƽӣѪ
ˡ⹫˵ͿһѪ

֪⹫ҲûлȥʱѾӾˣ沿ӿȥء

һߣ߽лѪȷ

3

⹫ҲסèׯģǼҲһȻ壬կӡס
կӽڹźǼж·ҪһȫǷصصĴ
ƬصأһСϿȣҲɽɽһСӡ⹫ҾСӱϣ
ǰĺˮ˳ϿʡϿȺͺûоèׯϿȾ
ڷصصĴֹˣ˿µأСתһ䣬
һկˡ

Ҹĸײͬ⹫һҶڹźȻͬһ壬
ϾԶˣ⹫һչͲ㡣⹫Ѿ˭Ȱ
ƺҲ֣ܳ˵ס˷ã˵ö֮
໥ìܣСڳܶ㣬Ǳߵġĸ
һ⹫˵ݣ̵ʵ⹫ɾԲ֡
Ҹһʵͽũʵƨĳ̶ȣȢĸ
ôһƯĳǻ屲ҲˣǼ
ĸ˵㣬ֻؼִĸ׵ķԸ
ĴʻͲҸ׵ֵ֡˵ҸڳǼ
ĸĵҲûУֺأ

Ȼֻ⹫дǰˡԭԶдҪӵĶ࣬
Ʃڹź̫Ĺɳ⹫ƩڹźèׯҪƫƧ
ڱȵȵȵȡһҪԭ϶˲СãǾ
ĸף쿴˫ԹĴ۾

ǿĸ׼޸Ҹϣ⹫֪

۴һ濼죬ҸǾ䲻ĸ׵ġû⹫ר
ѹȣĸҲԲ޸Ҹף̫Զˣһϵ
֯Ůһǵµţɣ񻰹Żᷢ飬ƫƫĸ
ˡĸȻⱲľǼ޸ҵĸס
⹫ҲĸһƓѪӡӺ
ˡĸʮ֮ǰһֱ޸Ҹ׸еڻ˵һ
Ůѧ޸һµũһҵĺȤʵ
ġĸ˵ʱ۹ߵúܣʦѧУкܶ׷
һҲϡʱϲͻÿڷ˳ǵĳ
ǽϻеϼϦŻƵݵ¥ҲһŻҰ
߸ߵ͵͵ңɫһͿòӿĸ˵ʱȥ
İ裬֮ɺӱдȫ
Ϻİɢĸ˵ʲô뵽ˣû뵽
ҸһҵũһһӵļͥŮԣ
ĸһӶںڲ1948궬ͬ⹫׵èׯ֮С

һĴѩĸ׵ͣͷڶ
۵ġ

ĸͬ⹫һèׯɨĹġɨĹڹҲмصģ
ȥĹؽ壬ڲɨĹȻҲһͬ
ˡĸױǲģĩˣ˵úøϰһ£⹫
һ仰ͷˣ⹫˵ҵģҿͲҪˡĸһ⻰
Ϊ⹫˵һġ˵ȥ
ʴֿ˺죬µ˱綼
Ȱо̣ȻûзǷҲûõġ绹û
¾װͬһڹײﱻ˻ʮ꣬
绹ûʮꡣֵȺֻһһٶݳǵĳǽ
Ϻʮ2004꣬Ѿʮ˵ĸ׸⹫
Ҽľ˾ˣĸ׻⹫ʯĳ¡
˵˾˵صسͲݲݵϵϻɽˣ
ûᵽʮɳȥſ޵ûҹѹ
⹫Ӳûһᡣһ˾ˣֻһ˵ˡ
ĸ١ĸڵʹ⹫֪ˣʵ⹫Ͳ
ûа˾Ĵ㣬ʮ߸ʿˢˢعº⹫ͬġ
⹫˵Ҳθͬ·һϰɡ

ĸ׺ͬ⹫1948궬èׯ֮оǸλθɨĹ
һڻ˴ֲ·һ׷ѵױ硣Ҳ⹫
⡣ΪʲôܴһЩƯһЩŲȥʣ⹫ô˵
ô⹫һЩɾص·ҳˡĸײʡ
˼⹫ǾͲҪ˵Ļ׻᲻ﱻ޴ĵ
ˡֵһֱèׯ֮УЩŻè
ׯر䣬䵽Ĺȥˣͷʹ˺üʮꡣ

⹫һҵèׯѾƻˡʱƮѩ⹫һ
ʱ˵ѩϡϡģЩ䣬С磬ĸ׵ȴ
Ĵѩ裬ХıϵһʹɼǸŮʱ
䲻ͬ⹫ȻԴӰθٺûèׯ˲ϵ
ҲһʱҲθٵĹأֻòϵˡҵһʮ꿴
ʮֺСӴȥġСӺͳҵĸס⹫һ
Ъһҹ⹫׼Ůġ

СӰ⹫һҴƬصصǰ⹫֧ˡʱ
θĹصķλһθٵĹǰĹѾȫ
ݸˡθһû˵ġ⹫óһȥݡ
ĸ׾⹫ֿӲʱǿ鲻ĹϵļɫĴֵġ
Ȼԭȵɫ䰵䵭ˣּ൱Ӣ֮Ĺ
Ϥ⹫塣ϧĹĻ걻ҵ
飬ҲԵ⹫īˡĹҵ÷飬Ĺľ
Ҳ˳ʬǺ͹ײİɢ¶ǡĹһԶ
⹫ĹءһСȴȻǸȵͷ⹫ʵ
èׯֱ֪һ漣

⹫ӲݺóֽϼƷضĹ
ҾźĸҲҾȻŷֽֽһţ⹫ͻȻ
ͷȥޣ

ֵѽ㲻øҵӵ

ֵѽѽһٲˣǳ
˸ְѸͽ˾

ٺ٣粻£練ǹ˾

Բסѽ죬㲻ãʣǧ߰ʮ
һֻ֣ʮ߸ˣһʮ߸ȫ
ˡ

㻹ǵǸѻƬʯ϶𣬾ڿսǰһ㻹˵ҪͲϵ
ҹǸϱӣ˰ɣյöصѽұ
ģϱͱ̵ʺѪǰ
ߵʬ塭

ݳǱסˣ粻ڡ

ѽϽҪɽҲƶġ

ڳסɡ 

⹫϶˵ޡ

˵˿޹ˣᡣ

վʱҲһˮ֪ҵ˾ˡ⹫
ֿһĸףŲӣܹŹֵһߣ˫ȴڲͣ
࣬Եø䡣ѩԽԽˣʱɳϿ
Ѿѩĺɫȥˡ

ϣ⹫һҾסǸΪҸ׵СӼġС
ӼֻһͰݣκһطֻƶ˼
רֻ䣬һͷһͷмһֻмƽ׵ݡ
ĸ׺˯ڶͷķ⹫С˯ͷĻӷʵ
⹫СӶûô˯ǿ˴ҹĻСӲͣ
ľӣѻ֧յͨ죬ڵڶĸ׺𴲺
һӴ̼ǻ֧ܿϵĻмûʾ˸
š

ĸ׺ţرĸû뵽ǣǸǸͣ
ľӵСӵĺ񡢱ֺľګ⹫ģһ׮
¾öˡҲ⹫ĻЩƩС޸ĸ
޵ѽȵȡĸ׺˵ѹֵڶسǵʱ򿴵ǸС
ͷ͵˿ȥˣҲҿһۣȴǺģȶ˾һ
ϸϸ⹫ûһһεèׯ֮Ҳֻδ
ЩϸСġܸ⹫Ժ̵ӡҲ
ҵĸףһڣ׵ͺˣ˶ĿƵĲԸ⿪
ڡĸҲ֪׷ʹٱ飬ʲôҩԻ⹫
Ҹ׵Ҳûĸ̹׹ҹϸڡ

ڶ£⹫һڳһ꣬һԪͰѼ
èׯסҸ׼⹫ĸ׺Ҹ˻顣
⹫ټҰǨôشľٴĸһҲû쵽ֱһϣĸ
׿˴СģžȵţôҪĸ
Щ˷ܡЩĸ׵һֱڿŰңᵽһЩ
ȥس̫Сˣ̫ˣôһСطһֱ
ڲϵή˻ŸҪᵽȥĸŵûʧɫ
һ˵˼ȥȥȥһҪѧءĸڳģµ
η⡣⹫ʱˣӲĸ׷һ
ȥȥ㡣ԱľӶ򵽽ˣϾѾϦǻ
Σ

ĸһŵòˡǱ򵽽ϵĹԱŵģ
Ǳ⹫סˡ

ĸֱèׯΪһֻʱڶսң᳤
סһһһط˳ȥģûһ⹫ͳ׵ط
Ļسǵ롣޸סҵǸСӣþ
ȲҪӵһ

ĸ˵ɻ˫ֻϹˣҹϽ⹫
һӰȥġ

ĸ׺ҸԲĵ죬⹫ʹڹźһ˼һͰ
ݣᵽڹźȥסˡһûסҡҡ׹ķӣ
൱ıˣ˵ֻ˲һ˼ұǵһȦţġ
⹫ޣľߵݻö࣬õһ
Ҳǿǿסˡ⹫һֱⶰס˲ֱ꣬ȥ
ĸװŽӵǼס󣬲

⹫Ĺǰ˵ҪֵǣԴڹź
Ӻ󣬾һֱûȥǸĹء

4

ҴӼ´ͳס⹫żң⹫һִġ

ĸ׺Ҹ׳׵ĵҡһĸ
Ҹе񣬳˸ιˮǲҵģű
ҲҺĸ˯һĸʱûŮѧָ
ԼԼһҲϧôһʺһؿһճĺ
أǺܶũ峤Сϱͷһ̥æοڳﳤ
ĸסʱǱزٵġôر
˵ʱֻжأһֻС϶ĸ׳ɻ
ƽʳмĹϵһʱųװ
档ĸ׺˵Ҫûţҿ϶ġ˵
һ֮ǰûͣͷʹȣϡû
ڻ

һ̣žͰҴڹźһһʱǴġ
Ҷ̶ϵر磬ԵģĸûˮˣˮͲ
࣬µʱ֪ΪʲôˮͻȻ͸ˣҺȳȫŧѪѪ
ˮǲܺȵģжҲͲܸĸ˯ˣҹܻҪͷġ
һģͰұȥڹźҹҹ˯ĸ׵ȻͲ
ԼһЩ鲻ã֮ڣѾݹǲˡ
űʵҲǳŮʱﻹûţ֮Ӥ׶
ʳƷûУ˵ǮҲ򲻵ž͸ĥ׷ۣۼϸɸ
ɸãɺιңҲƶҺȡͶҺ
ˣܳɷ벻ÿÿһޣžͷ£
æȥɨʯĥŪԴҴ󲡺˫ʧϣ˵һǱ
Ұݵĸܹ˸ϣÿ춼ҪȥҰŪϴ
ҵʳ׽ҰݳϿﱳĵطڵÿÿŪ
һˮʱ·ҲʯƣֱۻһѪӡ
Ұһɾ޴ŵζ͵͵ذӵž뷽跨
ҳȥһ⣬ɹɣȻݲҺȣΪ
Ұ;ϣҲһȣһֱȵҿ˵ݡҲ
ظϾ͸ҰйأԼҲƺõ˺ôʮ
仹ݵ˵ѽѽģи΢춯Ҳ
ʱһҺ˶漣

ϣǽ§˯һ֣Ҿͻ
ˣҲˡŵĻһ˯˯ʮ꣬ʮһʱǼ
һľݺŸŷ̡

ûţҿ϶

ҵļһرĬԵˣһ˵̲
ˡèׯס˼ʮ꣬κ˶ûзһοڽǡҺ
ס룬ҲΪ⹫һʲôҲ˵ĺŮˣõ
̫ʵݣžŮҲ޸һĳĬԵˣ
ŮҲܵõͬʵݣһӲƽƽعȥǡǡҸ׾
һˡҸΪԸżһˡһ
ĸԶģҸ׵ĳĬѾϰˣν޶á

һҲ̵ӡǾ⹫Ըȥʲôȥ
ʲôͲʲô飬ҲӲһۿۡ󲢲Ϊһ
ĬԵˣ⹫һִ⹫ҪȻ
¿϶ҪǵìܣƩ˾úúõĵʲô
ҵ֪ҪıƩسӹҲѽΪʲôҪͻȻᵽ
ΪʲôǧصıŮҪ޸һƨСӣ
ЩŶʣ顣л˵ҪִУ
ҲִСʵ⹫ŸͲһ˵ͬ˵ϸ
ģ۾ǴһЩĶ޵塣ſ⹫ȴ
⹫ʱĿⶨģճյģһǿˡʱ
ʲôһ⹫Ŀ͸ˣ
ŵ¡һ컹һֻ룬ġ

˭⹫ŶһԶϷޡ

ε⹫ŵʶӦ
˵سʶģʱ⹫һλľ٣Ҳפس
⹫ӦʶسΩһһͬʱһͬһ
־һ飬ⱾӦһС˵־
ĻǾӦһС˵±⹫ǲ־ģҲȥ
䡣֮ȥΪǲӵһ˵
ǰ⹫һ˯ǸҶСļշԱܵƽ
ȥҲ·ģΪЩֳͿڡС˵±
ϣ⹫־СһﶼдЩʲô겻
Ҳܶѣȵ⹫꣬Ω
һһС˵±⹫һֱ۰Ͱ͵־
ۺͷǿˣֱоһ˫۾ڶ
̧ͷһ̧ͷͿһλӢ
ŵһӾͺˣʱĴң¹ײȻҲп
ͬʱǱ־ͬʱȥȡģһֲֻڵȴɾĴֺһֻ
ϸ۰Сִһ˶ͬʱסˡΪһŮӿ϶Ҫ
һЩ̧ͷǰһø߸ߴǷ
٣ҲһӺˡ⹫Ҳ̧ͷһŮѧģĶׯƯŮ
ŮԲϲ˺ΣԼҲһȡ֮
˼ΣЩ˫ģ˾ˡ
֮ǾֵŵѧУߵ˻ƻĳǽ
ϡ

Ȼпǣ⹫Ϊ˷ӢȥŵѧУʱʶģ
ڱϣŻ⹫ڱ˿еɵ⡣
⹫ҲúЦǺĵظŽˣ֮ģ
ŮѧöׯƯһ˫۾øǶһ
ܿӵ׵ˮݺ㣬ô桢࣬ûһ˿һа⹫
ʱ˫ѱմѪ˫ȾûǲһҲɽѻ
ʬĥµüӲ峺۵￴ʮǰԼ
һǼ

ȻɱҪһЩĳɷ֣ܸʵȫǺϡ
ʵϣ⹫ͲһˣԶڸԡҸһ
˽ʱ䣬ֻ侲ûǶ˭һ
СƢҲûСΪ侲뵽ȥˣʮ
ĥġͬҲһŮѧ
Ҳĥ£µϴʧȥŮʱЩʵĶҲ
һƽŮˡΩһóǣ⹫ʶһ
Ӧ1926֮ǰΪҴ1926ġ

ŵǲһĲ֮աĸҲ֪⹫
ڸһʱûᵽţҲ΢ᵽûܼס⹫
Щ澭ܿŵ̫ƽˣôС
ԺûһģĺۼҲ˵׼⹫ûἰ
ԼǴģĸСʱҲûĸ
׻䣬СʱʹţҴ˶Ҳֹһε
ͬ⣬˵˼ÿڵĶݣǼôأ
ŸǵĻشûݡĸǴģŸ
ĸ˵ǵĵӴ·ϼġ

⹫ֿܲûУֱҵ
ʲôпܷȻֲŷĸ˵һӾһ
ͥŮûʽعһ죬žĸҲʲô
·ĸ˵ʱȥһũ帾ŮȻöׯƯȴ
ʵʵģʲôܸɣֽǴҹ㣬ȴ
ʶĶ֣ĸ׼ǵڷ˳Щÿ˯ǰǱضҪ
ڴϿһСʱ鿯־⹫о̻ŵҲֻ
һ֡Сس򲻵µ鿯־ĸ˵ŷ
ĳļȫļӣеĸ⹫ģе⹫
ģԴ켯߳ǡɢǡ⼸û
;ͷϡãΪǷ˳ˣдҲǱط¶ɣΪ
˺⹫һʳһ˯žøУ

ͲһʶĶˡϹѧӦһС֪ʶӡ

ΪʲôҪôĪأ⹫ΪʲôҲδĸ͸¶
ֻƬʵһաʱͽס룬ǲ⹫Ҳ֪
ҸڼʮﲻҲǲ֪ĸ׵ԭΪ
ʱҪҿյģҲûСпй뷨һж
ˡ

19964³һ죬һֱһŶһسҼ
ϣʱĸϽȥˣΪڿ쵽ˣҪ׼ֽ
֮Ļèׯ⹫Ҹ׹壬ǻ׼
ҪĸһŵģЩҪѡ
ĸ׵ʹˣϳ࣬Ӧûͬ⡣ʱһ鷿
дûţ½д𾢵ʱ
ﴫһžӵصһ˵ֲ̫Ǵ
д˼·ģ첻֪ΪʲôһҵĶĤϣ
һ£ȫҲһҸϽȥҿ
Ѿڵˣұ˫Ѿˣȴ䶯
ĻҪ˵ȴ˵ˡֱ컹ŵԲԲģһ
ˮĴ͡˫ҲûաҰŵ˫ĨˣȴôҲĨ
ա

ŴҼûһҽԺ޼յġ۰һ
һģַʽرҵİΪڤڤУ
ۣҸҶν

ʱĸԸͻµġĸ˵
ŵ˰̣һϣһں󱳵ļιϣ
̶ԲģڵһԪӲôĸ˵һ
˼ʮ꣬ûϵ˰̣û˵ĸ׹
ǹˡ

͸ŵ˷ˡ뵽⹫źıԼ
˶һʵٽǸʱԼŵֹ֮
ƩĻ̶ȣƩؿƿĸԣҵʱһ󵨵
²⣬ŵĿ֣ܲһŮˣһ
֯йµԱҺһֵĿԸ󡣵һ֣⹫
Ľ϶һ൱ʵĴ¡

һߣԶĲ֮գǸһǸĶ
ǵĴҲˡ

Ҳ죬ǰͻèׯ⹫ߡ

5

ȻÿҹǺ˯ģԴܶԺȴǳ⹫
ҪʲôͣÿСкġʵҲûô棬ҴСಡ
ܲ˼¾ʵһͦСкʱ⹫Ҳһ
ˡʱ;Ժգ߬
ӵǾһСϣǣƫͷ
⹫Ҳһ仰˵Ӧ˵һҲ

ͻȻأ⹫Ͱӵ˿УȻȵؽס߬
ǣȥġ⹫ȴ⹫
һ仰ǾǣһӵжأҲ֪һ
Ҳûҵ׼ȷĴ𰸡⹫Ȼ֪һԶҲȷ
⡣

ôΪʲôҪͣȥ׷أ 

⹫ǴʲôʱʼһģڼǲˡϾٿǰ
ˡΩһԿ϶ǣ⹫ĻǴӵʼġ

֪ǴձϿģ⹫ɱһ
ӵһ̴ѽҹ󣬼ǧȫˡ

Ҳʷϣ֪⹫˵һ̾ǿսʷս
ݱսʱ1945Ĵ죬ȷʱ194551յ55ա
ʷʾսǿսһδսձƽ
սĿռƽսʼ194549գֹ19456
7գ˫Ͷܱ28ǿսһδսҲս
ת㡣˺վսˡ

սУҵľݱս

⹫һʦǧ־߽ʮǰ³ǡ

⹫ؼǵ430ӵϷݳǵģͻо
һҹڷǰϵָλáһٶ๫ݳǡʱݳ
һճǣѶվǴҴˡҲһ
Сǣһٶ޽һƽĻͺս
ԡ⹫ĲӽʱݳһؼžΩ
ǰŵƣʵҲǵƣʮֻѣФسʮƷľ
ФسһѮϸ߸ݵͷ⹫էһ
е죬ǸܼģλسͯʱǸ˽
ֻһ黨׵ɽ롣⹫һФسСŹ
ȥ˫ֽס⹫˫֣˵ݳǾͽˡ⹫һӣ
Фس;˵ǷȥɡФسžǾˡ⹫ùٱץ
ʱһ˳ǽ쿴¡תһȦ֮󣬲ŷݳǼ
ûһ£ﱤҲûһнΪ̵ĺĳǽ⹫֪
ǽ峯䳯͢Ϊ޽ģһٶ
Ҳ

⹫һ

ţ⹫Фس;ǻûгǣ˵ФϽѽ
˾߲ȥˡФس˵ϷˣЩ˭Ը˭ߣҲû
һ˿ߣʮˣһҲ٣ˡ⹫˵
Ф֣ϽߣϽߡФس˵治ˣϷᵯҩ
СҲ˵յСձƴˣһľ׬⹫ͻȻ
һФѽǸҽʮФسȴǺǵشЦн
仰ͷˡʮ׽ˡ

ФسѾ⹫Ļݹľġ

⹫תȥθ³ٱ沿ӵ

θٴ𣬸ոձϡ

⹫˵ܺáҵѳеĵ绰ȫжϣеķ
ȫá

θžһ˵ǣʦ

Фæҡͷ˵ʹѽһݾһ³ˡ

θȻᣬС⹫ʦЩװɣ

⹫һӣ˵ûʲô׵ģϾȥθٵļ
ϵܣ۸һ̵˶ѽٲʹʹشһһ


θ˵˶깷ҧ̣İҪϾ۸һȥ

θߺФسڴض㣬˵ʹãʹѽ

⹫˵ФЧô꣬զͳѽŻԮ
𣿵ľҪĿգСձõط𣿿Ҷû
ͷķϣʵ˵ɣϷ彻żǹܣ̴С£
ܴûˣӲܴɢ

⹫Фسŵһϲ£ˣһ˫С۾Ҳɵñţ
ӻ

һսСʱոʹˡվһһǧ˴ҡ
ǿҲ430ӱ쿪ݵġվ̽ӷ
ñȱ쵽·̻ʮΪ⹫ĲҪȵڶ
ܸϵվû뵽ǣһ⣬⹫ӵ
ǿĵֿ߳ŭվȻںСڵڵ±һ
йػǹӵʯǽϱ㻹Ҫܼ⹫ǧֻ
ǧ죬ʮͦǹûһš

һȥˣݳΡȻ

ȥˣݵĳǽ˺ӣǱں俪ģֶʱ
ˡ

ҵսǴӵ翪ʼġԭһݳǺֱƽ
ƻվ˾2ҹһӣڶ
ʮ͸ϵݳ⡣

ʮ֮ǰ⹫ĲӸոմһվĳ档ζ
ζûɢȥ⹫һһڵըȱϳ̡Ӳ̵
һžͱʵǺһڣһĿƽӵؿų
ƽϵ룬ԶԵˮӣʵʵҫţ
ļڱũæµʱ򡣵⹫۾￴ֻձ
ĺ˵ʬ壬һƬսðŨ̵ء

մһվĳ棬⹫ȴûжɸУɫ
ģھѹıʹһ̣üͷøˡ
θġһСʱǰھ͸ȱϣ⹫ʧȥ׽ˣ
θٺҵĶˡǰ󲻵һӣһӾûˡʱ˶
һģ⹫θǽ϶ս˺һӣϾ
ץһ֧ǹϹȥ⹫ǹ׼ǹһ죬͵һԵ
ȥһ⹫һ߿ǹһŴǹԵȥĹӱ
һʹˣƾθôҲˣθҲſ
⹫˵ɡ⹫θſȱڵұҶ˾ſ
ȱߵǽмһͦǹθپһʮ
һˣʱһڵȱڣҶ˺Ǹǹͬʱ졣
ǹһˣ⹫֪Ҷ˰ըˣ룬ϴڹȥǹ
ɨ䡣һθˣ˵㿴ȥɣ첻ˡ⹫ͷͷûƫһ£
˵յˣװϻθһȱȺĹèӿ
û˵Ͻװϻ

ɱۣҲǾ̴̫񫣬⹫һˣ
пǶȵҪ⹫ǹһվɨ䣬һվ
һһƬθҲ𾢵ؽкǸ⹫ͣѽѽֵ˼
Ҷѽδͳ⹫˹ȥһվѻ
׼⹫⹫ùʱͻȻһӱθ˵ȥ⹫ֻſ˲
ӣ͸ей䶯֪θеˡѹ
θ٣θصһߡ⹫һվֱǸ
ϻɨŰѻǹһʿθ٣θˣ
һǹƫеش̫Ѩϡ⹫תȥ۾غȻԱ
ȴҴվ󣬴ˮ⹫Ҷʶô
ˣ˵ˣָӲȥɣ̫Σˡ⹫˵ȥ˵
ʦء⹫Ҵˣ˵ȴ˹յٽĪˡ˵ץ
һ֧ǹ

׽˾ǰһӣһǶʮ
ֵܺѣ⹫ȴûͬһ仰

һ⹫͸ʦһ˲ֻǧˣ
ǧһٶ֡

ƽһһǧ֣

⹫˵ЩڳسǵĶǱըģųսļ
Ӫûһ˻ˡɨսʬʱȻһ١

6

⹫Ǵʲôʱһӵ뷨ģҲ̫Ҳ
ǴӽžˣҲǴ1952ģʱеģ
Ͳ˵ˡĸ׺ʱ˵Դ1949궬žһ⹫Ϳ
ʼԵ˥ˣ˥ϵٶȼǾ˵ģʱһͷںڷ
ͷͻҰ׻Ұ׵ˣӲʵҲȥһŹ
һЩ⹫˼ʱҵļȫһϵͷˡ

ҳ⹫Щһڻ̻̲жȹģȻװ
£èׯ˿һη͵ģнꡣ
ٶʽ˥ϰĵļ尾¶ˡʵҲܺ⣬⹫˴뱲
ӵ̣ΪģҲһԻ͵һ⣬
̶ֵǸԱģҲǸžǰġ⹫ھ
һѸٵؽΪٽΪһ֧ɺغӴĺû
غӺĺ⹫ĽκܾܿһΣܻ쵽һ
ξУˣŶûûȢлȢҲȫˡ
˵⹫ĺսʿԶԶҪձӶö࣬
ֱӵĻǼӵġ⹫Ҽ˵ݳʱʮ
ֱǹµģûɱ˶ٸ
սʿôǲܹ֤ʵǶԼҲǲأ

ȻҵĲҲֻǲ׽ӰûʵݣһҲȷҲ
˵ʵϣҵĹ۲죬⹫èׯһֱƽģĲ
׳Ҳôһ㣬ҲС⹫˥Ҳֻ
ԵԭʿˣʿȥԭӪ
ʱ뿪˳ﵽ¾סζźԭʽ׵ѹèׯ
طһļɱʱĪ뿴ġ
ֻǼ߲˶ѡڴ˵⹫ʲǲǹˡ⹫
ľ֮ƽ⵱Ȼèׯرڹźйء
Щèׯͨ·Ҳûˮ·ߣһˮ·ҲжʮԶ
ҪȥسǵĻҪɽϣȻһǧʯ׵
׺ӵһͷܳȥèׯƫƧ׷ѵˣ
ûèׯ˵ѣҲһʮﷶΧڵĴկˣȥˣ
ˡڹź͸˵㼣ˡèׯ˶㣬
⼸˼´￪֪ͨǹӵм顣ӵм
飬1954֮ȨѾι̵ü᲻Ƶʱͺٺˡ

ҲΪڹźƫƧ⹫һҲŵƽգǵû
κ˵ĻɡҪǻ˱ĵط⹫ǲܶù1952
ġҺ룬Ҫܹ⹫ҲǾһ£˵
׼øء֣һģǾǰΪһ˫
մѪĹ񵳷ɸ߼ȥǹУһ־
ȥʡһ¡ֿܲдڣռٷ֮ʮĻʡ
ǺһֿܵĻô⹫᲻Ҫһӵ͸أ

ܻᣡ

һֿܣԿ϶ţĸԼҸףҲ
ҵ˽᳹׸ı䣬Ҳ˵ԺǶèׯƽƽ
⹫ǸհԶġһֱ⹫һ
1952ʱĴġֵǣĸҲ˵ʱ
ûʲôû⹫ţĸ˵Ͳ֪ˡ

ĸ˵Ҳʱ⹫ܿѾһũˣ
ʱͲôϸˣټ֮⹫һҸèׯĴ˶ദúܺã
ҲΪһѽֿܣӵèׯҲûɡ

⵹ʵ顣

ҵļ⹫һֱһ顢ͰСͷ
ӵ޹صʱϵļɳ۵ģҲԵרעһũ
ͷûЩɢҲľɺͳٶۡľɺͳ
κһͷ϶ܼ⹫ҲԵƣСӹ
ģֵأʱҹȥèׯһЩͲ˴ϴˣ
һǴҹŻʱָŵģһĶĴ
èׯƽϡһҸģ⹫ŶҪμӵģ
ֻǰæոǼҵģҪǼҰæҺϻһ
Լݺɽ¿ĵģҪ߲ˣһЩ࣬Ҳ˳Եġ
⹫˶رϲԶԵֵǻƶΪˣ
⹫רԼѡϺõʯһʯĥҳһЩǲ
ڲ԰һЩȣԹճ۰ȡ

һû֮ǰһֱ벻͸ʱ⹫
ŵСʵǹģȻƶһЩϺܼ࣬Ҳ
ڰжǰŮһɰСϥǰ
ȥģһϣͼã֮˵ʱ򶯵Ѿ
ȥˣѾȶķ籩Զߣûл˵
׶Σһʱ⹫һƽʱ⣬˴ŵĵ
èׯѾ˸˷ˡ֮ݺ·û˻
ɣͱèׯϿˣèׯһԱ

ǡǡʱ⹫ȴȲҪһӵ͸ˣ

ʼжˡ

7

⹫ûݳô˵ֻһֽҡ⹫һ
ʿģһָӲסˣǹܼܣ
˵⹫ݳĻʸǧһģ
ЩʿҪһЩʱƫƫ컯Ūˣһ뵱Ӣ۹ս
⹫ƫƫûɡ

⹫Ǳһ߱ը˹ȥһ
ʹˡ

⹫˵ҵս533ġ˫һ⹫ͷ
վĹƸûԮĻǸûô͵Ĺ
ˡվ·ǣÿһ·Ļޱȣѹ⹫˸Ͳ̧
ͷȥлݳǺܿڵҹ͵ʧء⹫żϵľټ
£Ѹٵһϼƣصںһ·һ·ѵ˷ŽŽһ
·Եһ·Եٷһ·ٳԵνĹŴ򹷷̱
ҷƣվһǣǵĻҲûˡ

һ޳ɣҶ֪սⲫ̸ûȥ
һڣ⹫վűƣվƣС
ʱİվͱøɸɾŰŵҲ˽һҲ
߰˰վĦгӣ⹫;û벻ǣվʶ
ǵͼǺֱСţסĶž͸
УСʱ룬ŴƸʱСѾʧأ
վӿ롣

֮󣬾һҹ˺ɱݳǵǹɱ񵯺
׵ıըսһҹ󣬵ڶ賿վ룬սò
ȥݳԾΡȻ⹫ǳڵĴСѾʬ
ɽѪɺˣߵﶼʬţһ̯̯Ѫ
һҹ⹫ǧĵһ룬Աֻв˰ˣһҹ
սһʦóżµľٻѲԭ֮
һҴ˾һҹͱһģʱҧһձĲ
ӡФسҲˣ浹һҵ̵⣬ﻹһС
ӵ

⹫ԼҲҲˣ̵һϣһڼϡ
⹫һʯ϶ĴϡʹФسǰ
¾ñһ

⹫ʿǰеҷʬ嶼еһѧƺȵսͳһ
ʿһվʬ壬һٸ⹫˵վ
ݳڶһǧٶʬ塣⹫˵սСѽϳ
ƵǧյĹҲûˣһӮˡ˵
ץ˼ûվ²ôãʦָʾ⹫Ҳû˵ô̵
ͱһ

˵꣬⹫ʣϽеĵľӪϢôˣ

˵ȫӪİٰʮȫʬѾسˣһ
Ҳ١

Щõְ⹫쳤Хһ

жϵʱ⹫֪ʱѩɽѾһ
ࡣձκһս϶û̵ˡͶµĴ
תۼһһɵʧˣڸս鲻Ԯ
ĲȴԴԴϵؼᣬƽҹƻͨӾһ
ɻɸսըǽȼϺըǲǹս
˾ǳɵµķɻӶݳøɸɾˣҲƽһٶ
ݺЩֻɽͷѩɽµĸڽ״̬ս˵
ѾҪˡվռռݶƽʲôв

ʵ⹫ûνݳ֮ǰ֪μѵز
ԮģݱսϽҪձ֮ʵѡ
⹫ܴӮϾ⹫лŵ
һѵһѣ¶һ⣬˵ǣ̴
ˣֵĸҪǲٴˣǹӵץ硣
ߵĸǻ˾͸ȥֵļﱨţü˱ٵˡ

⹫һ˵Ͱʿǵǰûһȥã
˱Ҳûһ˽ͷۡҶɫص

⹫˿ʿȦʪˣһ˵ǣֻ
ҪûҾ͸ÿսĵֿһӢ۵Ĺˣŵĵ
Ҳǵϸ硣

ʿһƬʣʦ

⹫˵ҴҾͲʦˣ͵һҲһһ
ݳǹϱ

54һ춼൱ƽ⹫һվʲôжǸ
ǰһ˴⹫ʿץʱϿһ㾫׼յ
һ̡վ϶Ȳط𹥻յװ
ǵҪһϣԲһƣǱյҵĻ
ѹ̧ͷǽǿˣһ׾پܹ
һ̲ɱĻսⲫ

⹫ԤϵùȻ55վͶݳǷһ
ǡ⹫վڳǽϹһ¹ǵվԼҲֻ߰˰ʿ
ǧҲʣˡ˹ûǰôһ
ʼͳ˾еս˼Σֲò˳ȥֱձ
ȫڡ

⹫ڹӽǺⲫʱʧȥ֪ģһһСӾ
ƴ̵ʱԱһʿһӱһǸ
ŵһʱһ⹫ǸܵĽűˣ޴
˰⹫ǸܶƷˣ˹ȥ

⹫̫ҪɽʱСԶѹġСⳡսʧ
ȥһֻ첲⹫ʱյұۣһӾСԺ
İƵġСԿ⹫۾ѽʦû 

⹫ľ˵˫ʣ̴ˣ

С˵ˣյСӱȫɵˡ

⹫˵ɹˣ

ɹˣС˵ʦһĶûˡ

·ǹҪСƵģʱǸһͬ⹫˵վ
Ҳתˣžѽѽس⹫

⹫һ㻹ûѽ

ͺǺǵشЦЦ춯أƵĸˡվ
һסˣҲ˵أתܡܳȥԶˣ⹫Ŵ
Сץһ֧죬ǹһ죬վһʺ˵µء

⹫С˵ӵڳ

СԲʦ

⹫Сһۣ˸е˵һҾû̴ˣӵ
ɡ

Сܹȥô̵ӵվܵڳ⹫
⹫ԼԼѪװ¿ڶ

⹫֪ձˣĲҲˣСԻȥһطң
ûлŵĵ֡ҵľʯ϶ʯ϶Եزˣ
ĵĶѱͱϡãڻƻ΢﷢Ķ˵
ˣôģ⹫һֱΪһ漣Ҳ
һóŵ׿ڸ⹫ҲɵӣûʦȻһ˵
꣬⹫͸ֱһʯ϶ͷ˯ˡ

Ҳ˯ˡ

⹫СԴŻһҹСԻĸܲĹӣ
ڻҵʮûĵ֡

8

⹫1955괺쿪ʼ׼һӵ͸ŵġ

ȻҲһϾõǹǲǹ⹫ֻίȫ
Լһܹһӵ͸ŵ״¹ضķƷ
ֻ⹫ʮʱ͸ɹزپҵᳵ·ġ⹫˵
һΣҲݱսʱľǹƯɣ
̲Զɱûʵսֵ⹫ңϣվ
ضPPKǹɱġ

ҵһ⹫ǰᵽɱʡʲôɱȻ
֪塣ϣ˭ǲˣҴûˣ
ŹֵҲǵһ˵ġ

⹫ľǹʱǹ컯֮¹ġǹõ
ľʼӲķģ൱ǹˡ֮Ը
ڹ컯֮ǹд޷ڻ˵Ǹߡʵ
ǹںܳһʱһ°ɣҲҵߣҰ
ţȰȵҷһȻġġ

Һϲǹ̫ƯˡΪһСкҲ̲ס
Ĵܶҫ

һΣӳ⹫ҷһʲô֪ͨܽóǹ׼Ȱȵ
䣬ŪӳǺǵشЦ

⹫ҲǺǵشЦ

һΣӳͱǹı;סˡ˭ѽ
ͷ­ʵͦǹġ

ְľǹ׼⹫ѽѽ˼˼ǸǸġ

⹫˵ϹģϹġСҪˣ

ӳҲͲȥˡúһһһũ
ͷôóôضǹ¾ˮ֣Ҫ֪
ǹǵһӹʿҲδؿۣڹ񵳸߼
Ҳǹ

ҲӳͲϵǹûȥ롣

ӳһţ⹫Ͱضսȥ
ΪҲΪֹסҵĿ⹫¸һѲǹǹԾ
ǴģأªоܱŤûǰһԣֻ
˲һʱڶͰӽǰСȥˡ

һºҿ⹫ǰضǹһۣȻװǹܺ
ǹضһҲԵôֱûԭôƯˣֻǹ
̫һ㣬ǹܲ⹫ӵ͸ţǹǹϺ
Ӳһͻһ鰲װݵ죬һƥĹβϵĺ
ëں⹫ָһèׯֻ̹ײĵĺᣬʹ
ȥںģĴֱһֲ

⹫װǹǹʱҼһֱڲϵҡͷԼҲ
Ǻ⣬ûдﵽԤڵЧ

ðɡ⹫˵

Ϊ⹫Ҫõģ˷ܵѽѽؽԴ̺֮
ȴҲٿһˣˣҷ䵹˼Ҳûҵ

⹫ʲôʱǹܺǹģ˵ֱڻһա
ǰһĶҹҺŶ˯źɵġ⹫أ
ȥʱҪҵһЩǺ׵ģĵģ
ϺõҲҵ⹫ֻҪС¯õһСһ
ǹܺһӵǹҲʲô¡ҺɽϾ
Լõİͣ¯ϺõĲϣ̼Ҳֳɵģһ붬è
ׯ˼Ҽһ̼⹫ʹǰҹŪ˼ҿҲ
ġ

Ǳƻҩ

ﱺƻҩһ̿Ľǣ̼ľ̿
ҩԭϣǵı123һ˵ֻҪϸ
ȥƾƳȼյĻҩò͵ÿԭϵĺû
ˡľ̼ﵽǣѡõʱҲнݻµ
ɽΪѣԽ϶ԽԽã֮ٳȥҪһ׻
ģ̿ȴҪľɵɣΪ׵Ż𡣶һöɣճɵ
̿ˮ̫أӰҩȼȡ

Щ⹫ҲһĶ׼ˡ

ֻһӲңèׯֶ;Ҳ㣬һ
˼ҶбõġΪˣ⹫һèׯèׯӵ
Ωһһ뿪èׯûȥʮ̵⵽ۻԱ
ʣΪҩаһûʲô
ôˣѾƳţûֶ⹫
ȥʮʯկһʿèׯϰ˺ľ¾ǰҪ
ǱаԵʿҶرǡΪ˶Ŀ⹫Ǵһȥġ
Ҳмĵһγţǵһһģﻨ
ĺӡ

ʯկ⹫˴ּסĸ֣
˵ʯկʿǸˡ

ŶŶ˵ѽͲʿˣ˵ڽƶũ
ļලͶءĸկӵģ

ûûѽ⹫ŵ˵ݣû߶ˣ

ȻһɣָŰɽһĵͰé˵
ղŻȥڼء

Ƕéǰҿһ´ˮϴҺ⹫վ
ƺϣûж⹫Ҳûнؿת
ҲſұյģԭǸۺӡ

꺺תүҲһӴסˡ⹫
ڶšҿֿǸ˶ʩˣվţ
һҲһǸ˵ıǾ㵣Ȧͺˣ
ģۿˮת

⹫ȻһЩܿۿҲˡһȻµء

ã۵꺺һȥ˵ʦ
ѽ

⹫˫ϥһҲµأ˵أñˡ

ʦʹãʹã꺺ӸϽȥ⹫

⹫ݺᣬ˵ⲻǸһ˹ģڸȫʦǧ
лȥĺͻҶԲסѽ˵Ҫֵǿ̱ģû
ξҼſڣǿ鱮ûȥһ£мҿ
èׯԶƿˡҶԲסֵǰ

꺺ӹ⹫ߣ˵ʦⲻ㣡

ǵǲңԼҲܰ⹫˵ҶԲԵǣ
ǶǱ͵ģ鱮Ҳûá

ʦҲֵˣ꺺˵ʦҳ鲻ܷˡ

˶⹫˵⣬СʿʱʣʣǣСҲ
⹫Ҫʲôʹ⹫ݣڴŷҡһ
ҳ˼һƻƵӲĶ

Сʣ˲Ҫǲȥԭһʿļʡ

⹫ϲ˵˹ˡ

СԻˣӻ

⹫˵ãá

ӢأСʡ

ҲãҲá⹫ҵͷ˵Ӣĺӣ̫ƽ

翴ˣٺ١Сʹһϵ⣬۵ѽѽؽк


·⹫һֱƺ˷ܣһ·ߴߴģֱ
ʯկһž˵Ͽʱ⹫Űһ·˵ɤӷſ
ˣ

һų

ʦһųˡ

һŸ

ʦ

һŸҲˡ

ı



ʽΪһųһŵסš

ǣʦ

ų



Ҵ˶סţ׼һӹСš

ǣʦ

ų

ʦųˡ

Ÿ



ųסš

ǣʦ

ô

û£봵ţС˸ƴ̵ûǵӮͷ

ҿɳ󻰽ǰͷһӽҰ͵

ǣʦ

Ӫ



ĵִӶųռϽ룬ؼصڶ

֤ʦֻҪһֵܻžͲСձǰһ

֡

У

ߣϳǽȥ

ǣ

ͦǹüϻ

ϡ



ʦûûث֣ҡҸɵġ塭
ССձ

ǺǺǺǣҽʯ϶ѽһѻƬֵˣ

ʦʦ㡭ǡǵø鱮ǡǵ
̡ҡɡ塭աġա


ʯ϶ѽ

⹫˺ѷΰضɽȺһɤӣͻȻͶµ޵ط

Ⱥɽ𵴡ɽһƬ˵Ļ

ס⹫ɫȻһʯͷϣ˫ãȻضŸԶ
աãӻЯŵĻӵʼ
ӵģִ
ģ⹫ɫԽԽһ˫˵۾ȴˣ
⡣

⹫ӵһң̫ƽ˵һӵжأ

Ѿǲ⹫ڼˡ

Ҳشģ⹫ҡҡͷӵ

⹫ӵ˵պʮѽʮ꣬զôѽ
Ϸء

֮һ·Ͼߵ쳣سơ

èׯɫ磬⹫һһԼļңҸĸøոմ
չؼң⹫ȥ⹫ȴͻȻĸ˵
̫ƽڹźˡҸĸҲû룬˵˯ɡͣ
˰죬ҸװҴݣ⹫ĸͻȻ˵ӢҪ
ĻӹһסɡסθãʱҪô


ĸһסˣűһᣬ˵úõģЩʲ
ôѽ

⹫ƽضĸ˵вƣеϦ

9

ڶ죬Ҳ195556賿⹫Ƶǰѿȥ
ʮֱִͱŤضǹԸʮĴ
ȵµĻӵ͸Ǹɱ˵š

ʯկĵϣ⹫Լؽ˷һѧ
ʵһʼĥ決ЩǺɣľ̿Ȼ󰴱
˻ҩͻݡԭȫƻҩ¾̫ˣ⹫һԼɡ
⹫ץǰЩҩһĺɫĶͶһ̿ʱ
ءһ̼ðһŨҵ̣ͬʱҲ
һŨҵζ

⹫϶ʹһûζϤζϸ
Цݡ

ȻݡҪһЩľ̿ıҲ
ҩͬҲѲ⹫һźֽװ壬ýΧ˸СԲȦ
װϻҩһݾͳˡݵȻҪãؼǹҪ
ܿŻݣ⹫˼ξʹ󹦸ˡڴǹʱͿ
ǵ⡣

һж׼⹫϶ȥһ˯ķ
Ѿ˯ˣ΢ϰһ˰ҹﵷʲ
ôһ˳ĬʲôҲġ⹫ŵĴǰĬĬһ
СȻǼ䡰ҡ

ӺһƬļ£⹫ķﴫһһ
ҲĳƵǹ

һǹ⹫ϴġǹ̫Ļҩ
ӵ˳ش͸ţҾ޴ıըֻǹǹҲըˡ

⹫Զ֪ˣʵŲû˯š⹫ʱ
һ仰Ҳ˵ظоʲô⹫һ뿪β
Ŀ⹫ǹɱȫ̡ŵʱȫʱֹ⹫û
ź˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôʱֻǴסˣһƬ
հס

⹫ֱǹһֱûͷżݳڵ
۶ǹģûܿվš

¸Ҳ֪⹫ϸһšĺ󸶾桱
ǣƵǹϴϼڵѪ
׼õ£ֻಡģŮŮҲ
ɥ´Ӽ򣬲ó᣻ϷطΪɣθٵĹ
أԱߣϸǿһˣԼҲиض
ſ֮û˿飬ٶȺֽŲ۲۵
⹫һС

æŵȼ˳ƣһұˡҪ
ڹź˵šȻŲŷ⹫ʬϸ糤̵í
ɤӿ޺

Ǻ͸ĸ˯èׯģڹźû⹫ɱһ
Ƶǹ죬˯ˣ쳣Сһ˹
ڴ϶Ÿĸһ⹫ˣ

ҸĸһҲˡĸ׵ľû˵
ʲôһҸ׺ưͿˣҶӽˡ

ҸҲ˵Ҳˣ

ĸ§ң쳣˷ܵңӣղŽʲô

ִ˵һ䣺⹫ˣ

ҵͰĸ׻һͣӴǺüûٿ
˵

ҽĸ׵ѵң⹫úõģô

ҸҲĸ˵˵ǣ⹫㣬㻹

Ҹ׺ĸ˯ȥĸ׵վǲ뵽ưͿ
˵һǺģ뵽˰ʱ⹫˵ֶͷڱ
ؿһ󣬾ͽҸףңŻڹźȥ
ߵƬصʱ⹫ﴫ˱߽һЩŵĿ
Ҳ

ĸһӾ̱ȥ

պ⹫ˡĹؾǸθĹصԱߡ
ҲТȥˣҿǰҺ⹫ȥʯկ·ʱ̮ŵθ
Ĺ֪ʲôʱѾ˷ˣǰȼչֽǿĹ
ҰġӢ֮ĹҲúһƬȵ
ҫѪѪġ

⹫Ĺֻһѣûбû֡

⹫ʮ꣬èׯΪʮһ
˻꣬ûʸ


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס


۶



һ

Ũճ¥̨Ӱ
ˮ΢ǾޱһԺ㡣
顶ɽͤա

һľ䣬д΢⾳ţǸ
Ĵ֮

˹ңС졢Ĵսƽϡگ
ǨڷƮҡʱرζദطĽڶʹΨϲ
ߣô帳ӽ֮࣬ȴг֮ʡ

ȻΪһ˵վεʼһ𣺳͢
ҪظæӹٽȥֵѹƾʦĻƳ򲻸
ΪǰװװеʱƴǴǲչԼδ
Լɱ

۹ǳľҲã;δõӢҲãľٿͷ
ʲôʫȴϺϲˡҿ

ռʦáݺеУʦ
֣ɮչ߰ʦƣֽգϽŦиӡ
Ũճ¥̨Ӱˮ΢ǾޱһԺ㡣
󴨼ʦ¼

ռãǡƻԪı׫ߣټˡٵ̫ʦ̫ʦ
ʦ÷ʫĵʽʾ˵Ŀѧ
ͽܼ⻰ζ֮ԼӣΪڲϲ˼˵ƣҲ
νġ̹š

̹һй̡ѩġ
ء¼е̹ŶǾ׫ġ̹Ŵʫѧʵܹ
ʫ跶롣Ϊʫ˸л֮ʣҪ㷢һã״֮Ķ
ʫ֮ƪ龳ڣ˾㷢ҲѴعһĵ
ֻöڰӦзܰˡ̹ܶ򲻾߱ЩҪأֻ
Ƕ̵ģΪȷĽĿĶġЧȤ
ζ̫أţμǡĻĿ㡣߱¥̨
ĿʵƬΡڲԽѨ
Ȥġ

ֳһЩʦ̹бȽľ˵

ľҹ봩ѥȥʯŮñ顣
ľ˰ѰгʯŮѥˮС
λ²¥
ҹ浤ת֦
޶ʯ̶й
ľ̶й̤ڰҹ졣
ˮţ£ľ硣

ֻе·˲ƣͣЩʵѪҺ
һѧľ񾭡δʦ˰ոʽ͵
̹⣬ÿÿִʫ׺ʰƳɾӶ࣬˼һ

ǰռȫϮ׸ʫ裬ʫΪд֮ʱ
̫ξӦı⣬Ļֻһʱľڵ
ôռûôʫǡУܹʾʦеüĿأ 

άġ˼ʻ֮ƣΪѧ
ؾ硱Ѿǣǿҩĸʲݣλʾ͵˺ࣺܶ
֮֮֮ҹ֮ɫʡ
֮ʲ֪ΪңΪ֮Ωھе
֮֮ɶ֮ʱ֮

̸֮֮Ԩġɾն£Ȼ
ɽԪɽġ𣬰¡ӡȻˮ΢
ǾޱһԺ㡱ֵġûǿе
֮һࡣ

Ϊǧ磬һһݣΪԴԱ֣
Ա岻ֹ˵ǻ֮ڣ̺֮Сٽһ˵
Ȼ֮䱾ϵһġвߣӦ
ֱ֮룬󱳺ʵӶʱ̰סڱԴ֮С˱
˫ʵǰҳްɰӡ
ɽʦĻҵ·ҧһ飬ǣʶáܳڡ
ߣǰƳĺ

һ˼⡰֮롰֮֮
ġ̬ǡڡͷʫе΢硢⡢Ǿޱҷɫ
ζ쵵һ˲У޲öԵõ״̬״̬ĸԪôƽ
Ȼںһ𣬹һԶİʾ˵ʶ
ƽģǸ˵ʶһּĴ̼ʹڵ֮
ʲ֪ΪңΪĹ۸УӶ뵽ҵֱ
磬νʶáط⡱ҲۡƣȻԶգ¶
档ʥԶգ֮񡣡

˵ռõⷬ٣軨׷õҲе˼Ǵ
ûԭĻ滭͸ʱȥֳɵĺؿ㲻ʧΪһֺ
ķǣԻɣĲѧֻҪġţ
һ㣬ҲδءҲǡӡ֤ҡֳɡͷͷ
ǵõֱߵĲ϶ܴзõ˼

ʵֹռأиϺôʫ⣺

١ʺʾƣɳãˮáʱɮƣ
ɳãƣӦޱȡǶˮã
ƣ׾޹

̡Ũճ¥̨Ӱˮ΢ǾޱһԺ㡣
Դʦ¼

١ɽƣɮɽһͷˮţơɽ
ɮĳסʱɽɮˮţˮţɽɮĳסҵ
ô

̡Ũճ¥̨Ӱˮ΢ǾޱһԺ㡣
߷ʦ¼

ȫãðʾԵԣǽԵ㲦е
ؼ

ɽʮס֮һ޷𷨿ո߷
һǾޱ㡣ׯʦ¼

һ÷ׯʦϮԭʫǾޱ⾳Ա
Լġءŵƣ򷨱УΨ֡ȥЪȥϨе
Ե⡰ˡ֮й򷨣Ȼ֮ 
֦ͷ֡ˡ

ˣڹġ˳ֳ

ɮʼɽƻʦǼɽ

ԻԳӹλǰ

Ȼ֮Ѥ˸л֮Խ֮ʫң
ʫ֮׺ʰԼͷйʣΪܴ֮ϵڡ



һ¥봹ϰ봹
ڣҴδݡ


˵ʦ͵ʫñڳOKĻλ־Ǹʾ
ΪؼʵĿˮ֮

ʫˡԭᡱžٽʿڣ߶ԼΪ
ʵĴͶƷΪʶĻ
Ǩʹ䡣ƲӴ˵ѲźɡԵôã
һ䣬ʳ˳£ԹҡʫĶԼΪľż
ĪߡӽF˵жδؾӢۣʱ
ͨʹⶼδ⹦ӽ嶭棬˵
ֱţáָǬżȻȴֱš
һλƫԴǿ̱ĹŴ࣬꿼ϹԱӦõġ

ŭʫˡʫÿ⡢ʱ˳͡
۲˵һͷβſһ᣺ʫ֣֣๫
ǧǡһλѧŮ꣬ÿÿŻá絤һֽ顱
ʫ䣬ĳȡĿʧ·޹ӢƮݵӰ֣
ŮֳԵ״̬ԼУŮӺ͵
ĻΪҲδɡòªֹظı
ʮֱɫȫŮ黳еΰɷɾԺ
İ鵱֣Դ˾ڲʫˡ

Ȼ֣ﲻıʼǡѲ¼мأʿ
óϷ̸Цֽʫԣоƽ
յȰ÷÷תѡ޶
ⴹ˿·ˡڣҴδݡɵðٻۺ
Ϊ˭Ϊ˭𡣡ʫҲŵʫڹͨױµ
Ϊ̸еʱֻ

Ҵִֵѯһ´ؾӣգҴδݡ
ʫȻ137Ρ87̵伮֮Сɾȥظļأмʮ
ʦ÷˵мáΪУ

ͥǰʾݡڣҴδݡ
£

ƶյ꣬ų֣ݡȴҴδݡ
ͯ

游԰ˣı߽κҴδݡ
ɽ꽣

԰ɫ֦ͷҴδݡۡ
Ӧֻ

ұҶ֪ӷţֻաڣҴ
δݡqݣ

ʡҪ֮һʣʦꡣ޶ƣҴδݡ


ˮֱϺзһʱաʦ޶ӣҴδݡ
Դ

һϹͤˮƷˣҴδݡ
蝣

̵ǣһõĵˡƴʦͤӺǡСһ
ͷϵ¿ӡĸ̾˼˵һ主дĻһ
ᱻȱӹǷáӹõմմϲ˿ûʶԼ
¿εر˨סˡ

ôϺǺιʶԡҴδݡδݣ
֪أٻһʷɵðٻۺΪ˭Ϊ˭𡱣ͬ
ʫͬǾҵͷ䣬ιϺȴ
ҲҴ硱ʲôطأ

ҪڶλαڵĶɽسʦС䡱
״ȷġδɮݺּ¼жԴ˳
£Ϊ䡣Ϊ䡣һķϣ
Ϊнѧ˵Ĺ򣬼Ҫѧ˲Ρ䡱Ρ䡱Ρ
䡱߻Ρ䡱ôηأĿԪʯ
ʦİ

ʯݳθ߷ԭʦ߷򷨹һһδĻͷ
궼ûп򡣺߷ָʾȥҼʦʱ־߷
˵ʲôʯݻش˵򷨹һʣԴ᣿ʯ
˵䣬ĸ񾭲ּʵ
з𴦲ס޷𴦼߹⻰ּΣʯݻشû·
˵Ҳ䡣ʯһ亹֮ڼִѧ꣬
پǰʯݴԡ·û⵽ǳ⣺ڴ꣬
⡣ʯѵȥ;кȻ̧ͷͤȻ򡣻ȥ
˵з𴦲סҲ䡣޷𴦼߹Ҳ䡣ҽջû
Ҳ˵˵˵ʯ˵ʱ磬ݺ֦Ϸ
ڵͷϿˡ

ӱе俴䡱ָһܿһ̵
䣬ҲǴ˵ʵӣ䡱һ
䣬¿졢龳ҡԽ˼άĲӡң
ĦΪʲôѽشıڹۣȤᡱȻ
䣻ش𡰱豦ǻˡ

ˣ˻ѹӵгʫ첻
ۣŷɺȶϵţȻǺһշްն⻰ĳ
ڴʦԣı׼У˻ɷнµȥξ
ˣ߻ӡ޹ݵͬ˫ðߣɮ֮ʧȥ
ֱı׼ټھǴʦ˵

ʱֻ˳ߵ˳Ƿ𡱣ơǷ𡱣ȴΪ
ѰʡǷ𡱣ơԵ̨ء˳
澻У澻ģټڻʦСްڡ
ְͷо䡣óδծʮֽͷ⿪
׵̣Žѩ֮¡ĩϰȴɶڡ

ȷʵǺڵı׶ˣƲ޴ĸòᣬʵֱ
ĳԣڵһйء

ǰɽسľҪԣչ¡ﲻͶɥ;
ԡ˼˵Բֱӿʾб·Ͷ
ԡ䱾ߣͻᱻǣűӣԤ·
ֻ˼⣬ǡӦп䣬Ϊ
ʯƬ봦ĵƣѧ䴥ġԼл
ǡ

ˣԡ·ĻȻ˼ûѧ˵
䡣νߣǼ䡱֮ɵðٻۺΪ˭Ϊ˭
𡱣·ν֮Ҳû

̲ԡ·Ļڳϵ龳УͿǻ䡣
ʫӽһ¥봹ϰ봹д̬
ڣҴδݡд̬ڴ紵ҡҷݵ˼
ֻдʫǿַͷ߼껹
αؼشء⻰ׯʵгֻһ档
ʵԣ΢⡢·ͨ͡粻ֹеơ
ʶгΪʸ

֮˵ʸ񡱣˵ǡеڶ˼ڡֻ
ض龳вܡ硰ӡԲȥ
ɮһ첼߽ĻҲ䡣

ƹʦõǻ䣬Īǡ·Īɱ޵
ʢ顱ôĪǡ¸ţȴݴôĪǡţԺ̣
͡ôĪą̇̄룬áôĪǡ¶Ǿ䣬δȷָô
ˣ䡣ǻ䣿׿ƣΣһ
ţ

⻰Ǻ˵˵͸ǡʵεҪ
ǡǾζ޸ûζ龳
ζ䣬龳趨ȴǡײŹؼĻνһ
䶷ţʱٻعͷ仰ܾ΢ԵζΪ
䡱֮ԣǴáĻ䣬Ŀľ۵
áΡ䡱ܴ·Ѱ󣬶Ҫİʾлϣ
ԱġġԲʦ˵һһһһ䣬ͼ
и봦യɿߡǰͼ֪¡
¼򣩵Ĺؼ

һɽʦȿᡰҴδݡ
еĻãҲϰһǰڹҲһã

۵һ塭ʹǰãͿԷ⡣ľ¾ͨδⴥ;
ҲѶ⽮˵ʲôǰһɡֱ÷ʥ·ɲȣ
ɮ޳ڶţһߵҪ˳
ʱƣ˵ҲصתҲȷС
棨ŴоסĳɣͳԵԳƣסͯ¾Գͯ
ʱסɽԼȻҲߴѨ
Ҳ̻ҵΪ˴ҲޣƣڣҴ
δݡʦ¼ϣ

ڶ壬Ѷ⽮ʶȣҲǰԼıԣ
ѧδڴǺιʷҪ䣬˵ʲôߴѨ
̻أռᣬĲ̶󴡣Բƣ
һʱģ಻Ϣס뾳֪֪
ʵ

ҹŪꡱʮ֣ߺòΣ


˱ʼеĽӹ

  Фë
     
    1
    
    Ի֪ٸ۾۾𻵶Ρ
ǰֻ䲣ˮ۾侵ʱ죬һܣΪ㡣ÿ
Ƭѱ۾ߣȻæؼңҼˣΨײײ
֬Ƭ侵ʱҲһСʱΪӴǣ߿Ƽ
ȴ鷳Ϊ֬ƬĥÿһҪһ
۾йźҩ࣬ǱҵֻҪǴϱߣ
ֻܵŰס

    ׵Ҳˣ˭ҵ۾ءǣǮȴһ
ʵ۾дԴ̵ĸܡ飬
ףӦѡһ侵ʱԱȽϳ۾ֻ꣬
ͨ֬Ƭߵĳ۾ſڣſڵĴ˵ĳ
ĳͶߡǧҪţ꾭۾ʱ
㲥ԶһλЦｲˣֱֳֽߺ
թƭƭѴ83ˣ±ֽڱȴӣ
ֺ˵թƭƭѴ84ˣ

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ϣ·һ۾꣬ҲŲ߽ȥþסƣһν
ƬƬ̹⣬֪ǷƥƵģӴƱħ
ʲô·һֽͷѡ޿̣ȥǼ۾
꣬һ۾Ŀö

    ⸱۾ұ߱룬۾ɴһСģܿ
йŴû۾ʱĽָôأǣҾ˱ʼǣ
ҵǰġ
    
    2
    
    ġ顷̷ͣƣԶǣ׾ָĵ
ۣȴᵽӡһʣ֪ô֮ǰǷ񻹳ֹ

    ೮棩һ۾۾ͷܵñȽ
ϸ    

۾ԲƬˮΪ֮Ŀߡഫʱʼ
ӡ̩ƪ֪Զܣ֮ԽĿעĿ
ĿĿɼ֮۾

۾ɷ֡һð沣Բˮ֮͹¡ȣʹ
Զ֮ΪӾ͹沣Բˮ֮͹ȣ
Ŀǰ΢ϸ֮ΪԶӾãֳϻ۾ƽ沣
ԷܹߣΪƽ⾵ҹƣˮΪ֮ɫߣǳ֮Ϊ
辧֮Ϊī֮Ƭ룬ˮ١ӽ۾ߣ
ƣ϶£ܣ̡ǻƣ׷˷ǽնԶ
顣ӽ֮۾顱ֵΪ顱ԹҶ
󣬸Ů֮ߣԴ֮Ϊӡ

顶עעʷ1990棩̩塷
ƪԭΪ֪Զܣ֮ԽĿ䡱עΪĿԼ
Ŵƽ۾֮

顶ԴĿƣֵľӺгĿһʣ
ҦԮñʼǡİʶĿƺ۾֮

ڡӡʱй۾רȥ֤ɡ

 ೮лһ۲й˵Ľ۽ˡѧ
ȫ£

۲йϵ֮۽Ϊ࣬ԶǹҲ
Խִ֮֮࣬ҵ£ֲ֪֮֮
ȸ١ȻвҲΣߣ֮۲ҹԻ
׳ۣԻӡձ˲ʢԻԽĤףĿΪ
񲡣ҹҽδ֪֮ĳСѧУѧʮˣ仼
ߣʮˡ壬ĸֵó۲ҷۡԴ˲
Ⱦףʱ಻ע⣬أʧؼ
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˵˵˵ӶֵһЩСЦ

лӶˮϣװ˷ʱ䣬仭ѡ

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    ɣԣǮ뽭ɽ򡣼ж񣣬
ɶӣ֮Ҳ;ȢΪ檡
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˾棬๫ܡĿӣԴʮСĵ
ɫ๫Ȥʱ˱֮ԴСơ๫ԡ㣬๫𵲣
ڻ˾Ͳ֮๫ȻԻèκ֮
ҲΪèơ˴ΪЦ
桶¡Ȥࡤԡ㡷

ӶײģŶ룬侶

®ͩɭӡһձĺһ¼ҡԷٹף
ŲࡣΪҲؽ룬޾ļΥױͣ
̼ʼ֮Գ
೮®ӡ

  ʿӶմīۣŮ֮ģ

˳ĳߣͬʱТҲլʣ
ӯšĿӣֽ֣ʱ׼īۡŮ㣬
Ĵӵȡĳ´⧼ģŲɣ˽
ڿڳԳЦĳãȻҲ
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ĸԻĿ޿ɡԻӡԻЯ۾δԻ
֮ԻĿ޿ɡĳּ꣬ԻδԻ
ӡлϼֱδã֮ѻҲ
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    Ӷü֮ĸͲ߶ߣ

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Ĵʶηպ䤱¾ʪʱֱ鷿ÿֱ®
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Ϧۣͷͱ֮֮Ϊб棬ɶ飬Ŀ
֮ΪҲӣһո磬ʹʮˣԵ֮
ųƵһͬҲʮ˽ŹʣЦԻ
˷ԶнΪڸᱲҽԽӣ֮Ŀ⣬
Σ
೮Զнǡ

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     ע[]ϣErosErebusһErosҲŮ񣬱
ڴȨ֮


ڱ༭
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